Q-Module

Q-Module

Description

The Q-Module, developed both for measuring the Q redox state and for cyclic voltammetry measurements, is an integral part of the NextGen-O2k and consists of the Q-Sensor, integrated electronic components in the O2k, and the DatLab software.

Abbreviation: Q-Module

The Q-Module is part of the NextGen-O2k project

In the NextGen-O2k project we are working on developing the Q-Module for the new series of our O2k-FluoRespirometer, the NextGen-O2k. The Q-Module allows the monitoring of the Q redox state of the Q-junction using the specific Q-Stoppers with the integrated three-electrode system and the modified electronics inside the O2k housing.

Communicated by Komlodi T, Cardoso LHD 2020-07-28

Q-Module Manual

The Q-Module manual can be found here: MiPNet24.12 NextGen-O2k: Q-Module

MitoPedia: NextGen-O2k

» NextGen-O2k«

Term	Abbreviation	Description
Hydrogen peroxide	H₂O₂	Hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂ or dihydrogen dioxide, is one of several reactive oxygen intermediates generally referred to as reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is formed in various enzyme-catalyzed reactions (e.g., superoxide dismutase) with the potential to damage cellular molecules and structures. H₂O₂ is dismutated by catalase to water and oxygen. H₂O₂ is produced as a signaling molecule in aerobic metabolism and passes membranes more easily compared to other ROS.
Light-enhanced dark respiration	LEDR	Light-enhanced dark respiration LEDR is a sharp (negative) maximum of dark respiration in plants in response to illumination, measured immediately after switching off the light. LEDR is supported by respiratory substrates produced during photosynthesis and closely reflects light-enhanced photorespiration (Xue et al 1996). Based on this assumption, the the total photosynthetic oxygen flux TP is calculated as the sum of the measured net photosynthetic oxygen flux NP plus the absolute value of LEDR.
Mitochondrial membrane potential	mtMP, Δψ [V]	The mitochondrial membrane potential, mtMP, is the electric part of the protonmotive force, Δp_H+. Δψ = Δp_H+ - Δµ_H+ / F mtMP or Δψ is the potential difference across the inner mitochondrial (mt) membrane, expressed in the electric unit of volt [V]. Electric force of the mitochondrial membrane potential is the electric energy change per ‘motive’ electron or per electron moved across the transmembrane potential difference, with the number of ‘motive’ electrons expressed in the unit coulomb [C].
NADH-Module	NADH-Module	The NADH-Module, is a component of the NextGen-O2k for simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption and NAD(P)H autofluorescence. NAD(P)H autofluorescence is used to evaluate the redox state of the NAD(P)H-pool. The NADH-Module incorporates an UV light and NADH-Sensors which include a photodiode and specific filters.
NextGen-O2k
NextGen-O2k Instrument		NextGen-O2k Instrument
NextGen-O2k Technical developments
Oxygen kinetics		Oxygen kinetics describes the dependence of respiration of isolated mitochondria or cells on oxygen partial pressure. Frequently, a strictly hyperbolic kinetics is observed, with two parameters, the oxygen pressure at half-maximum flux, p₅₀, and maximum flux, Jmax. The p₅₀ is in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 kPa for cytochrome c oxidase, isolated mitochondria and small cells, strongly dependent on J_max and coupling state.
PB-Module	PB-Module	The PB-Module has been developed for conducting measurements of PhotoBiology, including photosynthesis. It consists of the PB-Sensor and electronic components which are an integral part of the NextGen-O2k. Measurements are recorded and evaluated with the DatLab 8 software.
PB-Sensor		The PB-Sensor has been designed as a part of the PB-Module to provide with an external source of light, in the range of the blue (451 nm) or red (634 nm) wavelengths. This enables experiments for evaluating the production/consumption of O₂ in the presence of light. The PB-Sensor consists on one LED and one photodiode mounted on the sensor tip behind a plastic cover. The LED emits with blue or red light on the sample and its intensity can be regulated from 0 to 5000 µEinsteinsm^-2s^-1. The photodiode provides real-time measurement of the light intensity allowing for continuous adjustment to the desired value, which can also help compensate for the temperature rise due to the operation of the LED.
PhotoBiology	PB	PhotoBiology is the science of the effect of light on biological processes. This includes photosynthesis, photochemistry, photophysics, photomorphogenesis, vision, bioluminescence, circadian rhythms and photodynamic therapy. Phototoxicity results from non-ionizing radiation (i.e. ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation). Non-ionizing radiation is any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy per quantum (photon energy below 10 eV) to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule. When photons interact with molecules, the molecules can absorb the photon energy and become excited, reacting with surrounding molecules and stimulating "photochemical" and "photophysical" changes. Respiration may be affected by light during photosynthesis or in dark respiration, with the transient response of light-enhanced dark respiration.
Photosynthesis	PS	Photosynthesis is the process that converts light energy into chemical energy which is subsequently transformed to the physiological energy demand. Photosynthesis has a light-dependent and light-independent (dark) phase. In plants, algae, and cynobacteria, light energy is absorbed during the light phase by the pigment chlorophyll and used to split water and generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reducing power - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), with the net production of O₂ as a waste product. During the dark phase ATP and NADPH are used to synthesize carbohydrates from CO₂ through the metabolic pathway called Calvin-Benson cycle. Oxygenic photosynthesis is responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen concentration of the Earth’s atmosphere. In bacteria such as cyanobacteria, photosynthesis involves the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells (plants and algae), photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.
Q-Module	Q-Module	The Q-Module, developed both for measuring the Q redox state and for cyclic voltammetry measurements, is an integral part of the NextGen-O2k and consists of the Q-Sensor, integrated electronic components in the O2k, and the DatLab software.
Q-Sensor		The Q-Sensor has been designed as a part of the Q-Module for measurements with cyclic voltammetry and voltammetry, allowing for analysis of the Q redox state. The Q-Stopper with the reference electrode is called Q-Sensor, which is plugged in the NextGen-O2k. A three-electrode system is used to detect the Q redox state. Two of the three electrodes (glassy carbon and platinum electrode) are built into the Q-Stopper, while the reference electrode is removable (Reference-Electrode\2.4 mm).