Smith 2016 Diabetes
| Smith BK, Ford RJ, Desjardins EM, Green AE, Hughes MC, Houde VP, Day EA, Marcinko K, Crane JD, Mottillo EP, Perry CG, Kemp BE, Tarnopolsky MA, Steinberg GR (2016) Salsalate (Salicylate) uncouples mitochondria, improves glucose homeostasis, and reduces liver lipids independent of AMPK Ξ²1. Diabetes 65:3352-61. |
Smith BK, Ford RJ, Desjardins EM, Green AE, Hughes MC, Houde VP, Day EA, Marcinko K, Crane JD, Mottillo EP, Perry CG, Kemp BE, Tarnopolsky MA, Steinberg GR (2016) Diabetes
Abstract: Salsalate is a prodrug of salicylate that lowers blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and reduces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in animal models; however, the mechanism mediating these effects is unclear. Salicylate directly activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via the Ξ²1 subunit but whether salsalate requires AMPK Ξ²1 to improve T2D and NAFLD has not been examined. Therefore, wild-type (WT) and AMPK Ξ²1 knockout mice (AMPK Ξ²1KO) were treated with a salsalate dose resulting in clinically relevant serum salicylate concentrations (βΌ1 mM). Salsalate treatment increased oxygen consumption, lowered fasting glucose, improved glucose tolerance and led to a βΌ55% reduction in liver lipid content; effects observed in both WT and AMPK Ξ²1KO mice. To explain these AMPK-independent effects, it was found that salicylate increases oligomycin-insensitive respiration (state 4o) and directly increases mitochondrial proton conductance at clinical concentrations. This uncoupling effect is tightly correlated with the suppression of de novo lipogenesis. Salicylate is also able to stimulate brown adipose tissue respiration independent of UCP1. These data indicate that the primary mechanism by which salsalate improves glucose homeostasis and NAFLD is via salicylate-driven mitochondrial uncoupling.
Β© 2016 by the American Diabetes Association. β’ Keywords: Buffer z
β’ O2k-Network Lab: CA Antigonish Kane DA, CA Toronto Perry CG, CA Toronto Perry CG, CA Hamilton Tarnopolsky MA
Labels: MiParea: Respiration, Genetic knockout;overexpression, Pharmacology;toxicology
Pathology: Diabetes
Organism: Mouse Tissue;cell: Skeletal muscle, Liver, Fat Preparation: Permeabilized cells, Permeabilized tissue, Isolated mitochondria Enzyme: Uncoupling protein Regulation: AMP, Coupling efficiency;uncoupling Coupling state: LEAK, OXPHOS, ET Pathway: F, N, NS, Other combinations, ROX HRR: Oxygraph-2k, TPP
2016-11
