https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Chicco_2013_Abstract_MiP2013&feed=atom&action=historyChicco 2013 Abstract MiP2013 - Revision history2024-03-28T12:32:06ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.36.1https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Chicco_2013_Abstract_MiP2013&diff=203282&oldid=prevBeno Marija: Undo revision 202697 by Beno Marija (talk)2020-06-08T09:16:15Z<p>Undo revision 202697 by <a href="/index.php/Special:Contributions/Beno_Marija" title="Special:Contributions/Beno Marija">Beno Marija</a> (<a href="/index.php/User_talk:Beno_Marija" title="User talk:Beno Marija">talk</a>)</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:16, 8 June 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l7">Line 7:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=The Northern Elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostis; E-seal) is known for its remarkable capacity for diving in cold water to hunt for up to 2 hours without resurfacing for air. E-seal muscle contains very large quantities of myoglobin, which helps to maintain muscle pO2 prior to and during long dives, but the muscle mitochondrial respiratory phenotype of this species has not been characterized. Ongoing studies in our lab have sought to understand the effects of species, sex and environment on muscle mitochondrial function in E-seals by performing high resolution respirometry (HRR) on samples obtained from individuals at various stages of their life cycle, compared to data obtained from human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in our laboratory. Seal biopsies were taken from the primary swimming muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) with a 6 mm biopsy cannula and stored on ice-cold BIOPS (0-4 days) prior to being saponin permeabilized for HRR using a variety of SUIT protocols on an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=The Northern Elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostis; E-seal) is known for its remarkable capacity for diving in cold water to hunt for up to 2 hours without resurfacing for air. E-seal muscle contains very large quantities of myoglobin, which helps to maintain muscle pO2 prior to and during long dives, but the muscle mitochondrial respiratory phenotype of this species has not been characterized. Ongoing studies in our lab have sought to understand the effects of species, sex and environment on muscle mitochondrial function in E-seals by performing high resolution respirometry (HRR) on samples obtained from individuals at various stages of their life cycle, compared to data obtained from human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in our laboratory. Seal biopsies were taken from the primary swimming muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) with a 6 mm biopsy cannula and stored on ice-cold BIOPS (0-4 days) prior to being saponin permeabilized for HRR using a variety of SUIT protocols on an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Compared to fibers from young adult humans, young adult E-seal fibers exhibit ~50% lower mass-specific values of maximal [[Electron-transferring_flavoprotein_complex|ETF]]+[[CI]] and [[CII]]-linked [[OXPHOS]] and [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Electron transfer </del>pathway]] capacity, with trends for higher values in male vs. female E-seals. Despite this, OXPHOS rates with palmitoylcarnitine+malate (PalM) were similar in E-Seals and humans, with a trend for higher rates in female vs. male seals. Respiratory adenylate control ratios (''P/L''<sub>N</sub>) with PalM and pyruvate+malate are similar between seals and humans, with trends for higher values in male vs. female seals. ETF+CI OXPHOS flux normalized to ET capacity (''P/E'') is also similar in seals and humans, but tends to be higher in female vs. male seals. Interestingly, despite similar values of [[LEAK]] respiration in the absence of adenylates (LN), E-seal fibers consistently exhibit 50-80% higher indices of CII-linked oligomycin-induced LEAK respiration normalized to OXPHOS or ET capacities (''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''E'' and ''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''P'') compared to humans, indicating a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration in the presence of adenylates. Respiratory LEAK indices are greater in female vs. male seals, despite similar ''P''/''L''<sub>N</sub> and higher ''P/E'' values. Notably, data from newborn E-seal pups show markedly higher mass-specific OXPHOS and ET capacities and lower indices of LEAK compared to young adults, with values similar to those seen in adult humans, suggesting a strong environmental and/or developmental component to the differences seen in adults. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Compared to fibers from young adult humans, young adult E-seal fibers exhibit ~50% lower mass-specific values of maximal [[Electron-transferring_flavoprotein_complex|ETF]]+[[CI]] and [[CII]]-linked [[OXPHOS]] and [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ET-</ins>pathway]] capacity, with trends for higher values in male vs. female E-seals. Despite this, OXPHOS rates with palmitoylcarnitine+malate (PalM) were similar in E-Seals and humans, with a trend for higher rates in female vs. male seals. Respiratory adenylate control ratios (''P/L''<sub>N</sub>) with PalM and pyruvate+malate are similar between seals and humans, with trends for higher values in male vs. female seals. ETF+CI OXPHOS flux normalized to ET capacity (''P/E'') is also similar in seals and humans, but tends to be higher in female vs. male seals. Interestingly, despite similar values of [[LEAK]] respiration in the absence of adenylates (LN), E-seal fibers consistently exhibit 50-80% higher indices of CII-linked oligomycin-induced LEAK respiration normalized to OXPHOS or ET capacities (''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''E'' and ''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''P'') compared to humans, indicating a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration in the presence of adenylates. Respiratory LEAK indices are greater in female vs. male seals, despite similar ''P''/''L''<sub>N</sub> and higher ''P/E'' values. Notably, data from newborn E-seal pups show markedly higher mass-specific OXPHOS and ET capacities and lower indices of LEAK compared to young adults, with values similar to those seen in adult humans, suggesting a strong environmental and/or developmental component to the differences seen in adults. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taken together, our studies indicate that E-Seals maintain a high capacity for fatty acid oxidation and phosphorylation control of respiration despite a lower overall OXPHOS and ET capacity and a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration compared to humans. This remarkable mitochondrial phenotype may serve to meet both bioenergetic and thermal demands of extended cold water dives routine to this mammalian species. Observed differences between sexes and life-cycle stages parallel known aspects of E-seal biology, suggesting that muscle mitochondrial adaptations likely result from a combination of genetic, hormonal and/or environmental factors.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taken together, our studies indicate that E-Seals maintain a high capacity for fatty acid oxidation and phosphorylation control of respiration despite a lower overall OXPHOS and ET capacity and a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration compared to humans. This remarkable mitochondrial phenotype may serve to meet both bioenergetic and thermal demands of extended cold water dives routine to this mammalian species. Observed differences between sexes and life-cycle stages parallel known aspects of E-seal biology, suggesting that muscle mitochondrial adaptations likely result from a combination of genetic, hormonal and/or environmental factors.</div></td></tr>
</table>Beno Marijahttps://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Chicco_2013_Abstract_MiP2013&diff=202697&oldid=prevBeno Marija at 07:41, 3 June 20202020-06-03T07:41:53Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:41, 3 June 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l7">Line 7:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=The Northern Elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostis; E-seal) is known for its remarkable capacity for diving in cold water to hunt for up to 2 hours without resurfacing for air. E-seal muscle contains very large quantities of myoglobin, which helps to maintain muscle pO2 prior to and during long dives, but the muscle mitochondrial respiratory phenotype of this species has not been characterized. Ongoing studies in our lab have sought to understand the effects of species, sex and environment on muscle mitochondrial function in E-seals by performing high resolution respirometry (HRR) on samples obtained from individuals at various stages of their life cycle, compared to data obtained from human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in our laboratory. Seal biopsies were taken from the primary swimming muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) with a 6 mm biopsy cannula and stored on ice-cold BIOPS (0-4 days) prior to being saponin permeabilized for HRR using a variety of SUIT protocols on an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=The Northern Elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostis; E-seal) is known for its remarkable capacity for diving in cold water to hunt for up to 2 hours without resurfacing for air. E-seal muscle contains very large quantities of myoglobin, which helps to maintain muscle pO2 prior to and during long dives, but the muscle mitochondrial respiratory phenotype of this species has not been characterized. Ongoing studies in our lab have sought to understand the effects of species, sex and environment on muscle mitochondrial function in E-seals by performing high resolution respirometry (HRR) on samples obtained from individuals at various stages of their life cycle, compared to data obtained from human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in our laboratory. Seal biopsies were taken from the primary swimming muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) with a 6 mm biopsy cannula and stored on ice-cold BIOPS (0-4 days) prior to being saponin permeabilized for HRR using a variety of SUIT protocols on an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Compared to fibers from young adult humans, young adult E-seal fibers exhibit ~50% lower mass-specific values of maximal [[Electron-transferring_flavoprotein_complex|ETF]]+[[CI]] and [[CII]]-linked [[OXPHOS]] and [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ET-</del>pathway]] capacity, with trends for higher values in male vs. female E-seals. Despite this, OXPHOS rates with palmitoylcarnitine+malate (PalM) were similar in E-Seals and humans, with a trend for higher rates in female vs. male seals. Respiratory adenylate control ratios (''P/L''<sub>N</sub>) with PalM and pyruvate+malate are similar between seals and humans, with trends for higher values in male vs. female seals. ETF+CI OXPHOS flux normalized to ET capacity (''P/E'') is also similar in seals and humans, but tends to be higher in female vs. male seals. Interestingly, despite similar values of [[LEAK]] respiration in the absence of adenylates (LN), E-seal fibers consistently exhibit 50-80% higher indices of CII-linked oligomycin-induced LEAK respiration normalized to OXPHOS or ET capacities (''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''E'' and ''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''P'') compared to humans, indicating a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration in the presence of adenylates. Respiratory LEAK indices are greater in female vs. male seals, despite similar ''P''/''L''<sub>N</sub> and higher ''P/E'' values. Notably, data from newborn E-seal pups show markedly higher mass-specific OXPHOS and ET capacities and lower indices of LEAK compared to young adults, with values similar to those seen in adult humans, suggesting a strong environmental and/or developmental component to the differences seen in adults. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Compared to fibers from young adult humans, young adult E-seal fibers exhibit ~50% lower mass-specific values of maximal [[Electron-transferring_flavoprotein_complex|ETF]]+[[CI]] and [[CII]]-linked [[OXPHOS]] and [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Electron transfer </ins>pathway]] capacity, with trends for higher values in male vs. female E-seals. Despite this, OXPHOS rates with palmitoylcarnitine+malate (PalM) were similar in E-Seals and humans, with a trend for higher rates in female vs. male seals. Respiratory adenylate control ratios (''P/L''<sub>N</sub>) with PalM and pyruvate+malate are similar between seals and humans, with trends for higher values in male vs. female seals. ETF+CI OXPHOS flux normalized to ET capacity (''P/E'') is also similar in seals and humans, but tends to be higher in female vs. male seals. Interestingly, despite similar values of [[LEAK]] respiration in the absence of adenylates (LN), E-seal fibers consistently exhibit 50-80% higher indices of CII-linked oligomycin-induced LEAK respiration normalized to OXPHOS or ET capacities (''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''E'' and ''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''P'') compared to humans, indicating a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration in the presence of adenylates. Respiratory LEAK indices are greater in female vs. male seals, despite similar ''P''/''L''<sub>N</sub> and higher ''P/E'' values. Notably, data from newborn E-seal pups show markedly higher mass-specific OXPHOS and ET capacities and lower indices of LEAK compared to young adults, with values similar to those seen in adult humans, suggesting a strong environmental and/or developmental component to the differences seen in adults. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taken together, our studies indicate that E-Seals maintain a high capacity for fatty acid oxidation and phosphorylation control of respiration despite a lower overall OXPHOS and ET capacity and a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration compared to humans. This remarkable mitochondrial phenotype may serve to meet both bioenergetic and thermal demands of extended cold water dives routine to this mammalian species. Observed differences between sexes and life-cycle stages parallel known aspects of E-seal biology, suggesting that muscle mitochondrial adaptations likely result from a combination of genetic, hormonal and/or environmental factors.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taken together, our studies indicate that E-Seals maintain a high capacity for fatty acid oxidation and phosphorylation control of respiration despite a lower overall OXPHOS and ET capacity and a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration compared to humans. This remarkable mitochondrial phenotype may serve to meet both bioenergetic and thermal demands of extended cold water dives routine to this mammalian species. Observed differences between sexes and life-cycle stages parallel known aspects of E-seal biology, suggesting that muscle mitochondrial adaptations likely result from a combination of genetic, hormonal and/or environmental factors.</div></td></tr>
</table>Beno Marijahttps://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Chicco_2013_Abstract_MiP2013&diff=145123&oldid=prevBeno Marija at 15:20, 9 November 20172017-11-09T15:20:12Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:20, 9 November 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l14">Line 14:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Labeling</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Labeling</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|area=Respiration, Comparative MiP;environmental MiP, Gender, Developmental biology</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|area=Respiration, Comparative MiP;environmental MiP, Gender, Developmental biology</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|injuries=Ischemia-reperfusion</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|organism=Human, Other mammals</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|organism=Human, Other mammals</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|tissues=Skeletal muscle</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|tissues=Skeletal muscle</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|preparations=Permeabilized tissue</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|preparations=Permeabilized tissue</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|injuries=Ischemia-reperfusion</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|couplingstates=LEAK, OXPHOS, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ET</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|couplingstates=LEAK, OXPHOS, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ETS</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|pathways=F, N, Other combinations</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|pathways=F, N, Other combinations</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|instruments=Oxygraph-2k</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|instruments=Oxygraph-2k</div></td></tr>
</table>Beno Marijahttps://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Chicco_2013_Abstract_MiP2013&diff=144178&oldid=prevBeno Marija at 09:21, 20 October 20172017-10-20T09:21:34Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:21, 20 October 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l7">Line 7:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=The Northern Elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostis; E-seal) is known for its remarkable capacity for diving in cold water to hunt for up to 2 hours without resurfacing for air. E-seal muscle contains very large quantities of myoglobin, which helps to maintain muscle pO2 prior to and during long dives, but the muscle mitochondrial respiratory phenotype of this species has not been characterized. Ongoing studies in our lab have sought to understand the effects of species, sex and environment on muscle mitochondrial function in E-seals by performing high resolution respirometry (HRR) on samples obtained from individuals at various stages of their life cycle, compared to data obtained from human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in our laboratory. Seal biopsies were taken from the primary swimming muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) with a 6 mm biopsy cannula and stored on ice-cold BIOPS (0-4 days) prior to being saponin permeabilized for HRR using a variety of SUIT protocols on an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=The Northern Elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostis; E-seal) is known for its remarkable capacity for diving in cold water to hunt for up to 2 hours without resurfacing for air. E-seal muscle contains very large quantities of myoglobin, which helps to maintain muscle pO2 prior to and during long dives, but the muscle mitochondrial respiratory phenotype of this species has not been characterized. Ongoing studies in our lab have sought to understand the effects of species, sex and environment on muscle mitochondrial function in E-seals by performing high resolution respirometry (HRR) on samples obtained from individuals at various stages of their life cycle, compared to data obtained from human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in our laboratory. Seal biopsies were taken from the primary swimming muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) with a 6 mm biopsy cannula and stored on ice-cold BIOPS (0-4 days) prior to being saponin permeabilized for HRR using a variety of SUIT protocols on an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Compared to fibers from young adult humans, young adult E-seal fibers exhibit ~50% lower mass-specific values of maximal [[Electron-transferring_flavoprotein_complex|ETF]]+[[CI]] and [[CII]]-linked [[OXPHOS]] and [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ETS</del>]] capacity, with trends for higher values in male vs. female E-seals. Despite this, OXPHOS rates with palmitoylcarnitine+malate (PalM) were similar in E-Seals and humans, with a trend for higher rates in female vs. male seals. Respiratory adenylate control ratios (''P/L''<sub>N</sub>) with PalM and pyruvate+malate are similar between seals and humans, with trends for higher values in male vs. female seals. ETF+CI OXPHOS flux normalized to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ETS </del>capacity (''P/E'') is also similar in seals and humans, but tends to be higher in female vs. male seals. Interestingly, despite similar values of [[LEAK]] respiration in the absence of adenylates (LN), E-seal fibers consistently exhibit 50-80% higher indices of CII-linked oligomycin-induced LEAK respiration normalized to OXPHOS or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ETS </del>capacities (''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''E'' and ''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''P'') compared to humans, indicating a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration in the presence of adenylates. Respiratory LEAK indices are greater in female vs. male seals, despite similar ''P''/''L''<sub>N</sub> and higher ''P/E'' values. Notably, data from newborn E-seal pups show markedly higher mass-specific OXPHOS and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ETS </del>capacities and lower indices of LEAK compared to young adults, with values similar to those seen in adult humans, suggesting a strong environmental and/or developmental component to the differences seen in adults. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Compared to fibers from young adult humans, young adult E-seal fibers exhibit ~50% lower mass-specific values of maximal [[Electron-transferring_flavoprotein_complex|ETF]]+[[CI]] and [[CII]]-linked [[OXPHOS]] and [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ET-pathway</ins>]] capacity, with trends for higher values in male vs. female E-seals. Despite this, OXPHOS rates with palmitoylcarnitine+malate (PalM) were similar in E-Seals and humans, with a trend for higher rates in female vs. male seals. Respiratory adenylate control ratios (''P/L''<sub>N</sub>) with PalM and pyruvate+malate are similar between seals and humans, with trends for higher values in male vs. female seals. ETF+CI OXPHOS flux normalized to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ET </ins>capacity (''P/E'') is also similar in seals and humans, but tends to be higher in female vs. male seals. Interestingly, despite similar values of [[LEAK]] respiration in the absence of adenylates (LN), E-seal fibers consistently exhibit 50-80% higher indices of CII-linked oligomycin-induced LEAK respiration normalized to OXPHOS or <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ET </ins>capacities (''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''E'' and ''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''P'') compared to humans, indicating a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration in the presence of adenylates. Respiratory LEAK indices are greater in female vs. male seals, despite similar ''P''/''L''<sub>N</sub> and higher ''P/E'' values. Notably, data from newborn E-seal pups show markedly higher mass-specific OXPHOS and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ET </ins>capacities and lower indices of LEAK compared to young adults, with values similar to those seen in adult humans, suggesting a strong environmental and/or developmental component to the differences seen in adults. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taken together, our studies indicate that E-Seals maintain a high capacity for fatty acid oxidation and phosphorylation control of respiration despite a lower overall OXPHOS and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ETS </del>capacity and a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration compared to humans. This remarkable mitochondrial phenotype may serve to meet both bioenergetic and thermal demands of extended cold water dives routine to this mammalian species. Observed differences between sexes and life-cycle stages parallel known aspects of E-seal biology, suggesting that muscle mitochondrial adaptations likely result from a combination of genetic, hormonal and/or environmental factors.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taken together, our studies indicate that E-Seals maintain a high capacity for fatty acid oxidation and phosphorylation control of respiration despite a lower overall OXPHOS and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ET </ins>capacity and a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration compared to humans. This remarkable mitochondrial phenotype may serve to meet both bioenergetic and thermal demands of extended cold water dives routine to this mammalian species. Observed differences between sexes and life-cycle stages parallel known aspects of E-seal biology, suggesting that muscle mitochondrial adaptations likely result from a combination of genetic, hormonal and/or environmental factors.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|mipnetlab=US CO Fort Collins Chicco AJ</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|mipnetlab=US CO Fort Collins Chicco AJ</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
</table>Beno Marijahttps://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Chicco_2013_Abstract_MiP2013&diff=134935&oldid=prevBeno Marija at 09:09, 28 April 20172017-04-28T09:09:22Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:09, 28 April 2017</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Abstract</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Abstract</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|title=Chicco AJ, Le CH, Schlater A, Kanatous S (2013) Comparative muscle mitochondrial physiology of the northern elephant seal. Mitochondr Physiol Network 18.08.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|title=Chicco AJ, Le CH, Schlater A, Kanatous S (2013) Comparative muscle mitochondrial physiology of the northern elephant seal. Mitochondr Physiol Network 18.08.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|info=[[File:Chicco Headshot.jpg|right|120px|Adam Chicco]] [<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://www.mitophysiology.org/?MiP2013 </del>MiP2013], [[Laner 2013 Mitochondr Physiol Network MiP2013|Book of Abstracts Open Access]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|info=[[File:Chicco Headshot.jpg|right|120px|Adam Chicco]] [<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[</ins>MiP2013<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</ins>], [[Laner 2013 Mitochondr Physiol Network MiP2013|Book of Abstracts Open Access]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|authors=Chicco AJ, Le CH, Schlater A, Kanatous S</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|authors=Chicco AJ, Le CH, Schlater A, Kanatous S</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|year=2013</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|year=2013</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l36">Line 36:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 36:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Butler PJ (2004) Metabolic regulation in diving birds and mammals. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 141: 297-315.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Butler PJ (2004) Metabolic regulation in diving birds and mammals. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 141: 297-315.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Kelso EJ, Champagne CD, Tift MS, Houser DS, Crocker DE (2012) Sex differences in fuel use and metabolism during development in fasting juvenile northern elephant seals. J Exp Biol 215: 2637-2645.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div># Kelso EJ, Champagne CD, Tift MS, Houser DS, Crocker DE (2012) Sex differences in fuel use and metabolism during development in fasting juvenile northern elephant seals. J Exp Biol 215: 2637-2645.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">__TOC__</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
</table>Beno Marijahttps://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Chicco_2013_Abstract_MiP2013&diff=123301&oldid=prevBeno Marija at 13:58, 7 November 20162016-11-07T13:58:18Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:58, 7 November 2016</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19">Line 19:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|injuries=Ischemia-reperfusion</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|injuries=Ischemia-reperfusion</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|couplingstates=LEAK, OXPHOS, ETS</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|couplingstates=LEAK, OXPHOS, ETS</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">substratestates</del>=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CI</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FAO</del>, Other combinations</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pathways</ins>=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">F</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">N</ins>, Other combinations</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|instruments=Oxygraph-2k</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|instruments=Oxygraph-2k</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|additional=MiP2013</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|additional=MiP2013</div></td></tr>
</table>Beno Marijahttps://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Chicco_2013_Abstract_MiP2013&diff=100855&oldid=prevKandolf Georg at 14:43, 7 December 20152015-12-07T14:43:35Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:43, 7 December 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19">Line 19:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|injuries=Ischemia-reperfusion</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|injuries=Ischemia-reperfusion</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|couplingstates=LEAK, OXPHOS, ETS</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|couplingstates=LEAK, OXPHOS, ETS</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|substratestates=CI, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ETF</del>, Other combinations</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|substratestates=CI, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FAO</ins>, Other combinations</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|instruments=Oxygraph-2k</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|instruments=Oxygraph-2k</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|additional=MiP2013</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|additional=MiP2013</div></td></tr>
</table>Kandolf Georghttps://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Chicco_2013_Abstract_MiP2013&diff=93744&oldid=prevGnaiger Caro at 11:27, 16 June 20152015-06-16T11:27:30Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:27, 16 June 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17">Line 17:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 17:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|tissues=Skeletal muscle</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|tissues=Skeletal muscle</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|preparations=Permeabilized tissue</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|preparations=Permeabilized tissue</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|injuries=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hypoxia</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|injuries=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ischemia-reperfusion</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|couplingstates=LEAK, OXPHOS, ETS</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|couplingstates=LEAK, OXPHOS, ETS</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|substratestates=CI, ETF, Other combinations</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|substratestates=CI, ETF, Other combinations</div></td></tr>
</table>Gnaiger Carohttps://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Chicco_2013_Abstract_MiP2013&diff=92304&oldid=prevWent Nora at 11:23, 9 June 20152015-06-09T11:23:17Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:23, 9 June 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4">Line 4:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 4:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|authors=Chicco AJ, Le CH, Schlater A, Kanatous S</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|authors=Chicco AJ, Le CH, Schlater A, Kanatous S</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|year=2013</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|year=2013</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|event=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MiP2013 Programme</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|event=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MiPNet18.08_MiP2013</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=The Northern Elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostis; E-seal) is known for its remarkable capacity for diving in cold water to hunt for up to 2 hours without resurfacing for air. E-seal muscle contains very large quantities of myoglobin, which helps to maintain muscle pO2 prior to and during long dives, but the muscle mitochondrial respiratory phenotype of this species has not been characterized. Ongoing studies in our lab have sought to understand the effects of species, sex and environment on muscle mitochondrial function in E-seals by performing high resolution respirometry (HRR) on samples obtained from individuals at various stages of their life cycle, compared to data obtained from human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in our laboratory. Seal biopsies were taken from the primary swimming muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) with a 6 mm biopsy cannula and stored on ice-cold BIOPS (0-4 days) prior to being saponin permeabilized for HRR using a variety of SUIT protocols on an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=The Northern Elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostis; E-seal) is known for its remarkable capacity for diving in cold water to hunt for up to 2 hours without resurfacing for air. E-seal muscle contains very large quantities of myoglobin, which helps to maintain muscle pO2 prior to and during long dives, but the muscle mitochondrial respiratory phenotype of this species has not been characterized. Ongoing studies in our lab have sought to understand the effects of species, sex and environment on muscle mitochondrial function in E-seals by performing high resolution respirometry (HRR) on samples obtained from individuals at various stages of their life cycle, compared to data obtained from human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in our laboratory. Seal biopsies were taken from the primary swimming muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) with a 6 mm biopsy cannula and stored on ice-cold BIOPS (0-4 days) prior to being saponin permeabilized for HRR using a variety of SUIT protocols on an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Went Norahttps://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Chicco_2013_Abstract_MiP2013&diff=91828&oldid=prevWent Nora at 13:58, 8 June 20152015-06-08T13:58:58Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:58, 8 June 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l7">Line 7:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=The Northern Elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostis; E-seal) is known for its remarkable capacity for diving in cold water to hunt for up to 2 hours without resurfacing for air. E-seal muscle contains very large quantities of myoglobin, which helps to maintain muscle pO2 prior to and during long dives, but the muscle mitochondrial respiratory phenotype of this species has not been characterized. Ongoing studies in our lab have sought to understand the effects of species, sex and environment on muscle mitochondrial function in E-seals by performing high resolution respirometry (HRR) on samples obtained from individuals at various stages of their life cycle, compared to data obtained from human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in our laboratory. Seal biopsies were taken from the primary swimming muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) with a 6 mm biopsy cannula and stored on ice-cold BIOPS (0-4 days) prior to being saponin permeabilized for HRR using a variety of SUIT protocols on an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=The Northern Elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostis; E-seal) is known for its remarkable capacity for diving in cold water to hunt for up to 2 hours without resurfacing for air. E-seal muscle contains very large quantities of myoglobin, which helps to maintain muscle pO2 prior to and during long dives, but the muscle mitochondrial respiratory phenotype of this species has not been characterized. Ongoing studies in our lab have sought to understand the effects of species, sex and environment on muscle mitochondrial function in E-seals by performing high resolution respirometry (HRR) on samples obtained from individuals at various stages of their life cycle, compared to data obtained from human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in our laboratory. Seal biopsies were taken from the primary swimming muscle (M. longissimus dorsi) with a 6 mm biopsy cannula and stored on ice-cold BIOPS (0-4 days) prior to being saponin permeabilized for HRR using a variety of SUIT protocols on an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Compared to fibers from young adult humans, young adult E-seal fibers exhibit ~50% lower mass-specific values of maximal [[ETF]]+[[CI]] and [[CII]]-linked [[OXPHOS]] and [[ETS]] capacity, with trends for higher values in male vs. female E-seals. Despite this, OXPHOS rates with palmitoylcarnitine+malate (PalM) were similar in E-Seals and humans, with a trend for higher rates in female vs. male seals. Respiratory adenylate control ratios (''P/L''<sub>N</sub>) with PalM and pyruvate+malate are similar between seals and humans, with trends for higher values in male vs. female seals. ETF+CI OXPHOS flux normalized to ETS capacity (''P/E'') is also similar in seals and humans, but tends to be higher in female vs. male seals. Interestingly, despite similar values of [[LEAK]] respiration in the absence of adenylates (LN), E-seal fibers consistently exhibit 50-80% higher indices of CII-linked oligomycin-induced LEAK respiration normalized to OXPHOS or ETS capacities (''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''E'' and ''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''P'') compared to humans, indicating a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration in the presence of adenylates. Respiratory LEAK indices are greater in female vs. male seals, despite similar ''P''/''L''<sub>N</sub> and higher ''P/E'' values. Notably, data from newborn E-seal pups show markedly higher mass-specific OXPHOS and ETS capacities and lower indices of LEAK compared to young adults, with values similar to those seen in adult humans, suggesting a strong environmental and/or developmental component to the differences seen in adults. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Compared to fibers from young adult humans, young adult E-seal fibers exhibit ~50% lower mass-specific values of maximal [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Electron-transferring_flavoprotein_complex|</ins>ETF]]+[[CI]] and [[CII]]-linked [[OXPHOS]] and [[ETS]] capacity, with trends for higher values in male vs. female E-seals. Despite this, OXPHOS rates with palmitoylcarnitine+malate (PalM) were similar in E-Seals and humans, with a trend for higher rates in female vs. male seals. Respiratory adenylate control ratios (''P/L''<sub>N</sub>) with PalM and pyruvate+malate are similar between seals and humans, with trends for higher values in male vs. female seals. ETF+CI OXPHOS flux normalized to ETS capacity (''P/E'') is also similar in seals and humans, but tends to be higher in female vs. male seals. Interestingly, despite similar values of [[LEAK]] respiration in the absence of adenylates (LN), E-seal fibers consistently exhibit 50-80% higher indices of CII-linked oligomycin-induced LEAK respiration normalized to OXPHOS or ETS capacities (''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''E'' and ''L''<sub>Omy</sub>/''P'') compared to humans, indicating a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration in the presence of adenylates. Respiratory LEAK indices are greater in female vs. male seals, despite similar ''P''/''L''<sub>N</sub> and higher ''P/E'' values. Notably, data from newborn E-seal pups show markedly higher mass-specific OXPHOS and ETS capacities and lower indices of LEAK compared to young adults, with values similar to those seen in adult humans, suggesting a strong environmental and/or developmental component to the differences seen in adults. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taken together, our studies indicate that E-Seals maintain a high capacity for fatty acid oxidation and phosphorylation control of respiration despite a lower overall OXPHOS and ETS capacity and a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration compared to humans. This remarkable mitochondrial phenotype may serve to meet both bioenergetic and thermal demands of extended cold water dives routine to this mammalian species. Observed differences between sexes and life-cycle stages parallel known aspects of E-seal biology, suggesting that muscle mitochondrial adaptations likely result from a combination of genetic, hormonal and/or environmental factors.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Taken together, our studies indicate that E-Seals maintain a high capacity for fatty acid oxidation and phosphorylation control of respiration despite a lower overall OXPHOS and ETS capacity and a much greater capacity for LEAK respiration compared to humans. This remarkable mitochondrial phenotype may serve to meet both bioenergetic and thermal demands of extended cold water dives routine to this mammalian species. Observed differences between sexes and life-cycle stages parallel known aspects of E-seal biology, suggesting that muscle mitochondrial adaptations likely result from a combination of genetic, hormonal and/or environmental factors.</div></td></tr>
</table>Went Nora