View source for Malate-anaplerotic pathway control state

{{MitoPedia
|abbr=M
|description=[[File:M.jpg|left|200px|M]] '''M''': [[Malate]] alone does not support respiration of mt-preparations if [[oxaloacetate]] cannot be metabolized further in the absence of a source of acetyl-CoA. Transport of oxaloacetate across the inner mt-membrane is restricted particularly in liver. Mitochondrial citrate and 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) are depleted by antiport with malate. [[Succinate]] is lost from the mitochondria through the dicarboxylate carrier. OXPHOS capacity with malate alone is only 1.3% of that with [[PM |Pyruvate&Malate]] in isolated rat skeletal muscle mitochondria. However, many mammalian and non-mammalian mitochondria have a mt-isoform of NADP<sup>+-</sup> or NAD(P)<big>+</big>-dependent [[malic enzyme]] (mtME), the latter being particularly active in proliferating cells. Then the [[anaplerotic pathway control state]] with malate alone (aN) supports high respiratory activities comparable to the NADH-linked pathway control states (N) with pyruvate&malate or glutamate&malate substrate combinations ([[PM-pathway control state]], [[GM-pathway control state]]).
|info=[[Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
}}
 Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2016-01-24, edited by [[Cardoso LHD]] and [[Doerrier Carolina|Doerrier C]] (last update 2020-04-30)
[[File:M-malic enzyme.jpg|right|300px|M and malic enzyme]]

== M<sub>''L''</sub> ==


== M<sub>''P''</sub> ==

:::: If malate-anaplerotic pathways are present, malate alone may provide mt-respiration values comparable to OXPHOS state (''P''). However, to ensure OXPHOS state measurement, a combination of NADH-linked substrates should be performed (i.e. [[PM-pathway control state|PM]], [[GM-pathway control state|GM]], [[PGM|PGM]]). SUIT-027 evaluates malate-anaplerotic pathway (malate alone in the presence of ADP) and OXPHOS state (''P'') with pyruvate&malate and pyruvate&glutamate&malate as NADH-linked substrates:
:::* [[SUIT-027]]
::::* DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): [[SUIT-027 O2 ce-pce D065]]

== M<sub>''E''</sub> ==

{{MitoPedia concepts
|mitopedia concept=SUIT state
}}