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This page provides a simple browsing interface for finding entities described by a property and a named value. Other available search interfaces include the page property search, and the ask query builder.

List of results

Hydroxybutyrate + ('''β-hydroxybutyrate''' or 3-hydroxybutyrate is a ketone body that can be used as a [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state|NADH-linked substrate]]. The β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase produces acetoacetate while reducing NAD+ to [[NADH]]. )
Complex I-linked substrate state + (''See'' '''[[N-pathway control state]]''' (previous: CI-linked) versus '''[[Complex I]]''')
CI control ratio + (''See'' '''[[N/NS pathway control ratio]]''')
Complex I&II-linked substrate state + (''See'' '''[[NS-pathway control state]]''' (previous: CI&II-linked))
Substrate control efficiency + (''See'' '''[[Pathway control efficiency]]''')
Substrate control ratio + (''See'' '''[[Pathway control ratio]]''')
Complex II-linked substrate state + (''See'' '''[[S-pathway control state]] (previous: CII-linked))
CII control ratio + (''See'' '''[[S/NS pathway control ratio]]''')
Group + (''See'' '''[[population]]'''.)
Phosphate + (''See:'' '''[[Inorganic phosphate]]''')
Standard operating procedures + (''The following definition is incomplete.'' '''Standard operating procedures''' are a set of step-by-step instructions to achieve a predictable, standardized, desired result often within the context of a longer overall process.)
Solution protocols + (''The following definition lacks quality control and is not applied as such in the Oroboros QM.'' '''Solution protocols''' contain media, substrates, uncouplers, inhibitors used in [[SUIT|SUIT protocols]], permeabilization agents, etc.)
Project + (''The following definition lacks quality c … ''The following definition lacks quality control and is not applied as such in the Oroboros QM.''A scientific project is a collection of [[experiment| experiments]] designed to proof or disproof a specific hypothesis. The [[experiment| experiments]] will follow the logic of the scientific discovery [1] on which a hypothesis will support a prediction and this will be tested by experimental [[assay| assays]] (''i.e.'', observations under controlled conditions). The result of these experiments will proof or disproof the specific hypothesis and, usually, provide new hypotheses to test. A scientific project must be carefully designed to obtain relevant statistical information through enough [[replica| data collection]].[1] Popper K (2002) The logic of scientific discovery. Routledge Classics. ISBN: 978-0-415-27843-0outledge Classics. ISBN: 978-0-415-27843-0)
Autoxidation + (''This definition is insufficient and need … ''This definition is insufficient and needs elaboration.''Autoxidation is a slow process implying oxidation of carbohydrates through oxygen in open air, leading to a primary formation of peroxides and hydroperoxides. UV radiation can speed up this process.s. UV radiation can speed up this process.)
Cellular substrates + ((1) Cellular substrates ''in vivo'', endogenous; '''Ce'''. (2) Cellular substrates ''in vivo'', with exogenous substrate supply from culture medium or serum; '''Cm'''. * ''This page needs an update.'')
Natoms O + (0.5 nmol O2; in bioenergetics a variety of expressions is used for units of amount of half a nmol molecular oxygen (natoms oxygen; natoms O; ng.atom O; nmol O), with the identical meaning: 0.5 nmol O2.)
BAM15 + (2-fluorophenyl){6-[(2-fluorophenyl)amino]( … 2-fluorophenyl){6-[(2-fluorophenyl)amino](1,2,5-oxadiazolo[3,4-e]pyrazin-5-yl)}amine ('''BAM15''') is a protonophore or uncoupler of [[Oxidative phosphorylation|oxidative phosphorylation]] detected in a screen for uncoupling agents exerting less toxicity than commonly used uncouplers and first described by [[Kenwood 2013 Mol Metab|Kennwood et al. 2013]]. In their comparison of BAM15 with FCCP it was shown to increase oxygen flux to a similar extent as the classical uncoupler, to display a much broader range of concentrations inducing maximum respiration, to stimulate no formation of H2O2, to leave cellular membrane potential unaffected, and to ultimately exert less cytotoxicity.e potential unaffected, and to ultimately exert less cytotoxicity.)
3-Mercaptopropionic acid + (3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) inhibits long chain [[acyl-CoA dehydrogenase]]s (ACADs).)
Mitochondrial states and rates - terminology beyond MitoEAGLE 2020 + (666 coauthors of the 'MitoEAGLE white paper' [1] collaborated to reach a consensus on terminology related to mitochondrial respiratory states and rates. This page is intended to prepare a questionnaire and follow-up publication.)
Mitochondria Interest Group + ( [[File:MIG.gif|128 px|left]] … [[File:MIG.gif|128 px|left]]The '''Mitochondria Interest Group''' (MIG) is an Inter-Institute Interest Group at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), with members worldwide! MIG is concerned with all aspects of the mitochondrion and diseases in which the mitochondrion is involved. We hold monthly meetings, usually on the second Monday of the month (except when it is a Federal holiday or other special exceptions). [email protected] is an Email list moderated by Ph.D. Steven Zullo as an interactive information platform, with free subscritpion to this mitochondrial network. List members are reminded of their responsibility to critically evaluate the content of the postings. The information, opinions, data, and statements contained herein are not necessarily those of the U. S. Government, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), or MIG and should not be interpreted, acted on or represented as such.be interpreted, acted on or represented as such.)
Custom label + (A '''Custom label''' can be entered in this box to rename the axis label. Two lines are available for the axis name and unit.)
Digital Object Identifier + (A '''Digital Object Identifier''', DOI, is … A '''Digital Object Identifier''', DOI, is a persistent identifier used to uniquely identify online publications in order to ensure they remain traceable, searchable and citable over the long term. Compared to other types of persistent identifiers, the DOI system is widespread and well established in the life sciences arena, and it provides widely accepted visible proof that a publication is citable.sible proof that a publication is citable.)
Layout for DatLab graphs + (A '''Layout''' in [[DatLab]] … A '''Layout''' in [[DatLab]] selected in the Layout menu yields a standardized display of graphs and [[Plot - DatLab |plots]] displayed with specific [[Scaling - DatLab|scalings]]. The graph layout defines initial settings, which can be modified for plots [Ctrl+F6] and scaling [F6]. A modified layout can be saved as user layout without changing the standard layouts.out without changing the standard layouts.)
Lower O2 limit - DatLab + (A '''Lower O2 limit [µM]''' can be defined … A '''Lower O2 limit [µM]''' can be defined for each O2k-chamber, to trigger an automatic warning when the experimental O2 concentration drops below this limit. It reminds the user that re-oxygenation of the O2k-chamber may be required. For the lower O2 concentration limit, the [[critical oxygen pressure |critical oxygen concentration]] should be considered, which differs between isolated mitochondria, large cells, and permeabilized muscle fibers. A higher limit should be chosen when high oxygen flux is expected, e.g. prior to uncoupler titration. A lower limit is acceptable prior to inhibition of respiration causing low oxygen flux.ptable prior to inhibition of respiration causing low oxygen flux.)
National Standards Body + (A '''National Standards Body''' is the national member of the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO).)

(A '''Notified Body''' is an organisation designated by an EU country to)

Notified Body + (A '''Notified Body''' is an organisation designated by an EU country to assess the conformity of certain products before being placed on the market.)
Quality audit + (A '''Quality Audit''' is the process of systematic examination of a quality system carried out by an internal or external quality auditor or an audit team.)
Stand alone application + (A '''Stand alone application''' is computer software that can work offline, i.e. does not necessarily require network connection to function or does not even provide the possibility to connect to a network.)
Upper O2 limit - DatLab + (A '''Upper O2 limit [µM]''' can be defined for each O2k-chamber, to trigger an automatic warning when the experimental O2 concentration rises beyond this limit.)
Web application + (A '''Web application''' is a computer software where the [[user interface]] gets accessed by the user through a web browser.)
Canonical ensemble + (A '''canonical ensemble''' is the group of … A '''canonical ensemble''' is the group of compartments enclosed in an isolated system '''H''', with a smaller compartment A1 in thermal equilibrium with a larger compartment A2 which is the heat reservoir at temperature ''T''. When A1 is large in the canonical sense, if its state can be described in terms of macroscopic thermodynamic quantities of ''V'', ''T'', and ''p'' merging with the state described as a probability distribution.T'', and ''p'' merging with the state described as a probability distribution.)
Closed system + (A '''closed system''' is a system with bou … A '''closed system''' is a system with boundaries that allow external exchange of energy (heat and work), but do not allow exchange of matter. A limiting case is light and electrons which cross the system boundary when work is exchanged in the form of light or electric energy. If the surroundings are maintained at constant temperature, and heat exchange is rapid to prevent the generation of thermal gradients, then the closed system is isothermal. A frequently considered case are closed isothermal systems at constant pressure (and constant volume with aqueous solutions). Changes of closed systems can be partitioned according to internal and external sources. Closed systems may be homogenous (well mixed and isothermal), continuous with gradients, or [[Discontinuous system|discontinuous]] with compartments (heterogenous).[[Discontinuous system|discontinuous]] with compartments (heterogenous).)
Coenzyme + (A '''coenzyme''' or cosubstrate is a [[cofactor]] … A '''coenzyme''' or cosubstrate is a [[cofactor]] that is attached loosely and transiently to an enzyme, in contrast to a [[prosthetic group]] that is attached permanently and tightly. The coenzyme is required by the corresponding enzyme for its activity (IUPAC definition). A coenzyme is 'a low-molecular-weight, non-protein organic compound participating in enzymatic reactions as dissociable acceptor or donor of chemical groups or electrons' (IUPAC definition).l groups or electrons' (IUPAC definition).)
Cofactor + (A '''cofactor''' is 'an organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely ([[coenzyme]]) or tightly ([[prosthetic group]])' (IUPAC definition).)
Coupling-control protocol + (A '''coupling-control protocol CCP''' indu … A '''coupling-control protocol CCP''' induces different [[coupling control state]]s at a constant [[electron-transfer-pathway state]]. [[Residual oxygen consumption]] (''Rox'') is finally evaluated for ''Rox'' correction of flux. The CCP may be extended, when further respiratory states (e.g. cell viability test; CIV assay) are added to the coupling control module consisting of three coupling control states. The term '''phosphorylation control protocol''', PCP, has been introduced synonymous for CCP.» [[Coupling_control_protocol#From_PCP_to_CCP |'''MiPNet article''']][Coupling_control_protocol#From_PCP_to_CCP |'''MiPNet article''']])
Dataset + (A '''dataset''' is a collection of data. In the context of databases a dataset represents the collection of entries in a database-table. In this table columns represent [[Attribute|attributes]] and rows display the according values of the entries.)
Decimal marker and spaces between groups of numerals + (A '''decimal marker''' is used to separate … A '''decimal marker''' is used to separate the integral part of numbers from the decimal part. The SI recommends: "the symbol for the decimal marker shall be either the point on the line or the comma on the line". In English language versions, the dot (point on the line) should be used uniquely as the decimal marker. To avoid ambiguities, BEC follows the SI recommendation that “Numbers may be divided in groups of three in order to facilitate reading; neither dots nor commas are ever inserted in the spaces between groups” (pages 183-184).he spaces between groups” (pages 183-184).)
Detector + (A '''detector''' is a device that converts … A '''detector''' is a device that converts the light falling upon it into a current or voltage that is proportional to the light intensity. The most common devices in current use for [[fluorometry]] and [[spectrophotometry]] are [[photodiodes]] and [[photodiode arrays]].[[photodiode arrays]].)
Difference spectrum + (A '''difference spectrum''' is an [[absorbance spectrum]] … A '''difference spectrum''' is an [[absorbance spectrum]] obtained by subtracting that of one substance from that of another. For example, a '''difference spectrum''' may be plotted of the [[absorbance spectrum]] obtain ed from reduced [[cytochrome c]] and subtracting the [[absorbance spectrum]] from the same concentration of [[cytochrome c]] in its oxidised state. The [[difference spectrum]] may be used to quantify the amount to which the [[cytochrome c]] is reduced. This can be achieved with the aid of a [[reference spectrum]] (or spectra) and the [[least squares method]].[[least squares method]].)
Directive + (A '''directive''' is a legal act of the European Union, which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result.)
Dispersion devices + (A '''dispersion device''' diffracts light … A '''dispersion device''' diffracts light at different angles according to its wavelength. Traditionally, prisms and [[diffraction gratings]] are used, the latter now being the most commonly used device in a [[spectrofluorometer]] or [[spectrophotometer]].[[spectrophotometer]].)
Fluorophore + (A '''fluorophore''' is a fluorescent subst … A '''fluorophore''' is a fluorescent substance that may occur naturally ([[intrinsic fluorophores]]) or that may be added to a sample or preparation whereby the fluorescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of a specific species or parameter within the sample. These are [[extrinsic fluorophores]], also referred to as fluorescent markers., also referred to as fluorescent markers.)
Free radicals + (A '''free radical''' is any atom or molecu … A '''free radical''' is any atom or molecule that contains one or more unpaired electrons in an orbital. The degree of chemical reactivity depends on the localization of unpaired electrons. Free radicals are extremely reactive, and they can either donate or accept an electron from other molecules. Free radicals that include oxygen radicals and derivatives of oxygen are [[reactive oxygen species]] (ROS). Likewise, [[reactive nitrogen species]] (RNS) are nitric oxide-derived compounds. ROS/RNS include oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radicals that are easily converted into radicals. Mitochondria are a main endogenous source of free radicals in cells and consequently are exposed to oxidative-nitrosative damage. Electron transfer in the electron transfer-pathway (ET-pathway) is not perfect, leading an electron leakage. This electron leakage permits the formation of ROS such as [[superoxide]] anion (O2•−), [[hydrogen peroxide]] (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical (HO•)./sub>O2) and the hydroxyl radical (HO•).)
Harmonized standard + (A '''harmonized standard''' is a European [[standard]] developed by a recognized European Standards Organisation: CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI.)
Healthy reference population + (A '''healthy reference population''', HRP, … A '''healthy reference population''', HRP, establishes the baseline for the relation between body mass and height in healthy people of zero underweight or overweight, providing a reference for evaluation of deviations towards underweight or overweight and obesity. The WHO Child Growth Standards (WHO-CGS) on height and body mass refer to healthy girls and boys from Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman and the USA. The Committee on Biological Handbooks compiled data on height and body mass of healthy males from infancy to old age (USA), published before emergence of the fast-food and soft-drink epidemic. Four allometric phases are distinguished with distinct allometric exponents. At heights above 1.26 m/x the allometric exponent is 2.9, equal in women and men, and significantly different from the exponent of 2.0 implicated in the body mass index, BMI [kg/m2].e body mass index, BMI [kg/m2].)
High signal at zero oxygen + (A '''high signal at zero oxygen''' may be … A '''high signal at zero oxygen''' may be observed during [[zero calibration]] (R0). First, check the quality of the [[dithionite]] solution. The following instructions show how to distinguish between a defective sensor head and an electrical leak current.ensor head and an electrical leak current.)
Light-emitting diode + (A '''light-emitting diode''' (LED) is a li … A '''light-emitting diode''' (LED) is a light source (semiconductor), used in many every-day applications and specifically in [[fluorometry]]. LEDs are available for specific spectral ranges across wavelengths in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode#Colors_and_materials visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range].visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range].)
Measurement process + (A '''measurement process''' or a '''measurement''' is a set of operations to determine the value of a [[quantity]].)
Measuring equipment + (A '''measuring equipment''' is a measuring instrument, software, measurement standard, reference material or auxiliary apparatus, or a combination thereof, necessary to realize a measurement process.)
Medical device + (A '''medical device''' is an instrument, a … A '''medical device''' is an instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, contrivance, implant, in vitro reagent, or other similar or related article, including a component part, or accessory which is (1) intended for use in the diagnosis of disease or other conditions, or in the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, in man or other animals, or (2) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals, and which does not achieve any of its primary intended purposes through chemical action within or on the body of man or other animals and which is not dependent upon being metabolized for the achievement of any of its primary intended purposes.t of any of its primary intended purposes.)