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Bandwidth + ('''Bandwidth''' is measured in nanometers in terms of the full width half maximum of a peak. This is the portion of the peak that is greater than half of the maximum intensity of that peak.)
Barometric pressure + ('''Barometric pressure''', ''p'' … '''Barometric pressure''', ''p''b, is an important variable measured for calibration of oxygen sensors in solutions equilibrated with air. The atm-standard pressure (1 atm = 760 mmHg = 101.325 kPa) has been replaced by the SI standard pressure of 100 kPa. The partial pressure of oxygen, ''p''O2, in air is a function of barometric pressure, which changes with altitude and locally with weather conditions. The partial oxygen pressure declines by 12 % to 14 % per 1,000 m up to 6,000 m altitude, and by 15 % to 17 % per 1,000 m between 6,000 and 9,000 m altitude. The [[O2k-Barometric Pressure Transducer]] is built into the Oroboros O2k as a basis for accurate air calibrations in high-resolution respirometry. For highest-level accuracy of calculation of oxygen pressure, it is recommended to compare at regular intervals the barometric pressure recording provided by the O2k with a calibrated barometric pressure recording at an identical time point and identical altitude. The concept of gas pressure or barometric pressure can be related to the generalized concept of isomorphic [[pressure]].[[pressure]].)
Basal respiration + ('''Basal respiration''' or '''basal metabo … '''Basal respiration''' or '''basal metabolic rate''' (BMR) is the minimal rate of metabolism required to support basic body functions, essential for maintenance only. BMR (in humans) is measured at rest 12 to 14 hours after eating in a physically and mentally relaxed state at thermally neutral room temperature. Maintenance energy requirements include mainly the metabolic costs of protein turnover and ion homeostasis. In many aerobic organisms, and particularly well studied in mammals, BMR is fully aerobic, i.e. direct calorimetry (measurement of [[heat dissipation]]) and indirect calorimetry (measurement of oxygen consumption multiplied by the [[oxycaloric equivalent]]) agree within errors of measurement (Blaxter KL 1962. The energy metabolism of ruminants. Hutchinson, London: 332 pp [1]). In many cultured mammalian cells, aerobic glycolysis contributes to total ATP turnover ([[Gnaiger_1990_Biochim Biophys Acta|Gnaiger and Kemp 1990]] [2]), and under these conditions, '[[respiration]]' is not equivalent to '[[metabolic rate]]'. Basal respiration in humans and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (oxygen kinetics) are correlated ([[Larsen_2011_FASEB J|Larsen et al 2011]] [3]).» [[Basal_respiration#Basal_respiration_in_physiology.2C_cellular_bioenergetics_and_mitochondrial_physiology | '''MiPNet article''']][Basal_respiration#Basal_respiration_in_physiology.2C_cellular_bioenergetics_and_mitochondrial_physiology | '''MiPNet article''']])
Elamipretide + ('''Bendavia''' ('''Elamipretide''') was de … '''Bendavia''' ('''Elamipretide''') was developed as a mitochondria-targeted drug against degenerative diseases, including cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Clinical trials showed variable results. It is a cationic tetrapeptide which readily passes cell membranes, associates with [[cardiolipin]] in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Supercomplex-associated CIV activity significantly improved in response to elamipretide treatment in the failing human heart.tide treatment in the failing human heart.)
Beryllium sulfate + ('''Beryllium sulfate''' is used in combination with [[sodium fluoride]] to form beryllium trifluoride (BeF3−), to inhibit the [[ATP synthase]] if it is exposed by disruption of the mitochondrial membranes.)
MitObesity drugs + ('''Bioactive mitObesity compounds''' are d … '''Bioactive mitObesity compounds''' are drugs and nutraceuticals with more or less reproducible beneficial effects in the treatment of diverse preventable degenerative diseases implicated in comorbidities linked to obesity, characterized by common mechanisms of action targeting mitochondria.chanisms of action targeting mitochondria.)
Biological reference interval + ('''Biological reference interval''' or reference interval is the central 95 % interval of the distribution of reference values.)
Biopsy preservation solution + ('''Biopsy preservation solution''', for preservation of tissue samples, preparation of muscle fibres, and permeabilization with [[saponin]].)
Blebbistatin + ('''Blebbistatin''' is a widely used muscle … '''Blebbistatin''' is a widely used muscle and non-muscle myosin II-specific inhibitor that block contractile activity. Blebbistatin shows selectivity and high affinity for multiple class II myosins. Blebbistatin is commonly employed in respirometric experiments with permeabilized muscle fibers (pfi). Permeabilized muscle fibers are sensitive to low oxygen supply due to diffusion restrictions that limit mitochondrial respiration at the core of the fiber bundle. Therefore, hyperoxic conditions are required to counteract this limitation. Further studies have shown that the addition of blebbistatin in the respiration medium prevents fiber contraction, reduces the oxygen sensitivity and allows the study of ADP kinetics in pfi at normoxic oxygen levels. However, other studies described that the presence of blebbistatin does not prevent the oxygen dependence in pfi. Moreover, several limitations of blebbistatin i.e. low solubility in water, cytotoxicity and phototoxicity have been described.ity and phototoxicity have been described.)
Blood cell preparation + ('''Blood cell preparation''' (bcp) is one of the key steps in diagnostic protocols.)

('''Blood cell preparation''' (bcp) is one of the key steps in diagnostic)

Blood plasma + ('''Blood plasma''' is the non-cellular com … '''Blood plasma''' is the non-cellular component of the blood. Plasma lacks cellular components of the blood, [[red blood cell]]s, [[white blood cell]]s, and [[platelet]]s. However, there are many proteins in plasma, i.e. fibrinogen, albumin and globulin. Both blood plasma and [[platelet-rich plasma]] maintain clotting activity after whole blood separation.ing activity after whole blood separation.)
Blood serum + ('''Blood serum''' is a purified plasma in … '''Blood serum''' is a purified plasma in which the coagulant components were removed from the [[blood plasma]]. It contains other substances, i.e. antibodies, antigens and hormones. Serum can be obtained by collecting the liquid phase after blood or plasma coagulation.d phase after blood or plasma coagulation.)
Bongkrekik acid + ('''Bongkrekik acid''' is a selective and potent inhibitor of the [[adenine nucleotide translocator]] (ANT). Bka binds to the matrix (negative) site of ANT, opposite of [[carboxyatractyloside]].)
CE + ('''CE''' marking is a mandatory conformity marking for certain products sold within the European Economic Area (EEA).)
CHNO-fuel substrate + ('''CHNO-fuel substrates''' are reduced car … '''CHNO-fuel substrates''' are reduced carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-oxygen substrates which are oxidized in the [[exergonic]] process of [[cell respiration]]. Mitochondrial pathways are stimulated by CHNO-fuel substrates feeding electrons into the [[ETS]] at different levels of integration and in the presence or absence of inhibitors acting on specific enzymes which are gate-keepers and control various pathway segments.pers and control various pathway segments.)
COPE core practices for research + ('''COPE core practices for research''' are applicable to all involved in publishing scholarly literature.)
Calcium + ('''Ca2+''' is a maj … '''Ca2+''' is a major signaling molecule in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Its cytoplasmic concentration is tightly regulated by transporters in the plasma membrane and in the membranes of various organelles. For this purpose, it is either extruded from the cell through exchangers and pumps or stored in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. Changes in the concentration of the cation regulate numerous enzymes including many involved in ATP utilizing and in ATP generating pathways and thus ultimately control metabolic activity of mitochondria and of the entire cell. Measuring changes in Ca2+ levels is thus of considerable interest in the context of [[high-resolution respirometry]].[[high-resolution respirometry]].)
Calcium Green + ('''Calcium Green'''TM</sup&g … '''Calcium Green'''TM (CaG) denotes a family of [[extrinsic fluorophores]] applied for measurement of Ca2+ concentration with [[mitochondrial preparations]]. This dye fluoresces when bound to Ca2+. When measuring mitochondrial calcium uptake it is possible to observe the increase of the CaG signal upon calcium titration, followed by the decrease of CaG signal due to the uptake.n calcium titration, followed by the decrease of CaG signal due to the uptake.)
Calorespirometry + ('''Calorespirometry''' is the method of me … '''Calorespirometry''' is the method of measuring simultaneously metabolic heat flux ([[calorimetry]]) and oxygen flux ([[respirometry]]). The [[calorespirometric ratio]] (CR ratio; heat/oxygen flux ratio) is thus experimentally determined and can be compared with the theoretical [[oxycaloric equivalent]], as a test of the aerobic energy balance., as a test of the aerobic energy balance.)
Carbohydrate + ('''Carbohydrates''', also known as '''sacc … '''Carbohydrates''', also known as '''saccharides''', are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. These molecules can be divided by size and complexity into monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. [[Glucose]] is a monosaccharide considered the primary source of energy in cells and a metabolic intermediate. This carbohydrate undergoes glycolysis, with the generation of [[pyruvate]], that can enter the [[TCA cycle]]. Carbohydrates such as glucose and fructose may also be involved in the [[Crabtree effect]].[[Crabtree effect]].)