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• Stirrer power  + ('''Stirrer power''' is switched on and off during operation of the [[Oroboros O2k]] in [[DatLab]] by pressing [F11] (left chamber) and [F12] (right chamber), respectively. This is functional only with a stirrer bar added to each O2k chamber.)
• Stopper-Shaft conical\white PVDF\central Port  + ('''Stopper-Shaft conical\white [[PVDF]] … '''Stopper-Shaft conical\white [[PVDF]]\central Port''': PVDF shaft with one central capillary and conical base, receptacle on the top for collecting excess medium during closing the O2k-Chamber and during titration; component of [[Stopper\white PVDF\conical Shaft\central Port]].</br></br>'''Discontinued'''[[Stopper\white PVDF\conical Shaft\central Port]]. '''Discontinued''')
• Stray light  + ('''Stray light''' is defined as the detect … '''Stray light''' is defined as the detected light of any wavelength that lies outside the [[bandwidth]] of the selected wavelength. In the presence of '''stray light''' of intensity ''I''_''s'', the equation for [[transmittance]] (''T'') becomes ''T'' = (''I'' + ''I''_''s'')/(''I''_''0'' + ''I''_''s'') where ''I''_''0'' is the incident light intensity and ''I'' is the transmitted light intensity. Clearly, the lower the value of ''I'', the more dominant becomes the '''stray light''' term and so can cause errors in the quantification of low [[fluorescence]] signals or at high levels of [[absorbance]].[[absorbance]].)
• Strobilurin  + ('''Strobilurin''': {''Quote''} Strobilurin … '''Strobilurin''': {''Quote''} Strobilurins are a group of chemical compounds used in agriculture as fungicides. They are part of the larger group of QoI inhibitors, which act to inhibit {''end of Quote'': [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strobilurin]} respiratory [[Complex III]].[[Complex III]].)
• Submitochondrial particles  + ('''Submitochondrial particles''' (smtp) co … '''Submitochondrial particles''' (smtp) consist of membrane fragments which retain most of the enzymatic machinery required in electron transfer and [[oxidative phosphorylation]]. Such membrane fragments are continuous closed vesicles formed by resealing of mt-membrane fragments after disruption of the mitochondrial structure. smtp are used to isolate the inner-[[membrane-bound ET pathway]] (mETS) from the upstream modules of the [[Electron transfer pathway]] (ETS) which are located in the mt-matrix and outer mt-membrane (transporters). smtp are obtained by treatment of mitochondria with membrane-dispersing agents such as digitonin at high concentration or by sonic irradiation.igh concentration or by sonic irradiation.)
• Subsample  + ('''Subsamples''' can be obtained (1) from … '''Subsamples''' can be obtained (1) from a homogenous [[sample]] (e.g. cell suspension, tissue homogenate, isolated mitochondria), (2) as subsamples obtained by splitting a sample into comparable parts (e.g. permeabilized muscle fibres from a biopsy split into different chambers for repeated measurements), or (3) repetitive sampling (e.g. taking multiple biopsies) at a single time point. Subsamples may be used for (i) application of different types of [[assay]] (e.g. for measurement of respiration and enzyme activities), and (ii) a number of [[repetitions]], ''n'', of the same assay on the same sample.n'', of the same assay on the same sample.)
• Subscripts in physical chemistry  + ('''Subscripts in physical chemistry''' are … '''Subscripts in physical chemistry''' are used to differentiate symbols of different quantities. While these subscripts need to be short to be readable, they have to be distinct and well defined. Several subscripts relate to fundamental terms and concepts, summarized in a list below. and concepts, summarized in a list below.)
• Pathway control ratio  + ('''Substrate control ratios''' are [[flux control ratio]] … '''Substrate control ratios''' are [[flux control ratio]]s ''FCR'', at a constant mitochondrial [[coupling-control state]]. Whereas there are only three well-defined coupling-control states of mitochondrial respiration, ''L'', ''P'', ''E'' ([[LEAK respiration]], [[OXPHOS]], [[Electron transfer pathway]]), numerous [[Electron-transfer-pathway state]]s are possible. </br></br>Careful selection of the reference state, ''J''_ref, is required, for which some guidelines may be provided without the possibility to formulate general rules. ''FCR'' are best defined by taking ''J''_ref as the maximum flux (e.g. [[NS |NS_''E'']]), such that flux in various other respiratory states, ''J_i'', is smaller or equal to ''J''_ref. However, this is not generally possible with ''FCR''. For instance, the [[N/S pathway control ratio]] (at constant coupling-control state) may be larger or smaller than 1.0, depending on the mitochondrial source and various mitochondrial injuries. The [[S-pathway control state]] may be selected preferentially as ''J''_ref, if mitochondria with variable [[N]]-linked injuries are studied. In contrast, the [[reference state]], ''Z'', is strictly defined for [[flux control efficiency]].[[flux control efficiency]].)
• Succinate dehydrogenase  + ('''Succinate dehydrogenase''' is a [[TCA cycle]] … '''Succinate dehydrogenase''' is a [[TCA cycle]] enzyme converting [[succinate]] to [[fumarate]] while reducing FAD to FADH₂. SDH is the largest component of the mt-inner membrane [[Complex II]] (CII) and thus part of the TCA cycle and [[electron transfer pathway]].[[electron transfer pathway]].)
• Succinyl-CoA ligase  + ('''Succinyl-CoA ligase''' (SUCLA or SUCLG) … '''Succinyl-CoA ligase''' (SUCLA or SUCLG) is a TCA cycle enzyme converting succinyl-CoA + ADP or (GDP) + Pi to [[succinate]] + ATP (GTP). Two different isoforms exsist: SUCLA (EC: 6.2.1.5) is the ATP-forming isoenzyme, SUCLG (EC: 6.2.1.4) is the GTP-forming isoenzyme. Both reactions are reversible. This reaction is attributed to mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation, which is considered as an alternative way of ATP synthesis because it is partially independent from the respiratory chain and from the mitochondrial proton motive force.rom the mitochondrial proton motive force.)

• Sulfide quinone reductase  + ('''Sulfide quinone reductase''' (SQR) is i … '''Sulfide quinone reductase''' (SQR) is involved in electron transfer from sulfide which is used as a hydrogen donor by the mitochondrial respiratory system. SQR is associated with a [[dioxygenase]] and a [[sulfur transferase]] to release thiosulfate (H₂S₂O₃).(H₂S₂O₃).)
• Sulfite oxidase  + ('''Sulfite oxidase''' (SO) is a dimeric en … '''Sulfite oxidase''' (SO) is a dimeric enzyme, located in the intermembrane space of mitochondria, with each monomer containing a single Mo cofactor and cyt b5-type heme [1]. SO catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate as the terminal step in the metabolism of sulfur amino acids and is vital for human health. Inherited mutations in SO result in severe neurological problems, stunted brain growth, and early death [2]. </br></br>Function: SO catalyzes the terminal reaction in the oxidative degradation of sulfur amino acids with the formation of a sulfate, electrons pass to cytochrom ''c'' and are further utilized in the respiratory system.</br></br>Sulfite + O₂ + H₂O --> Sulfate + H₂O₂ </br></br>Localization: The level of expression of SO differs in various tissues with main predominant localization in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, placenta, and brain in humans and liver, kidney, heart, brain, and lung in rats [3]. </br></br>Deficiency: SO is vital for metabolic pathways of sulfur amino acids (cysteine and methionine). Complete lack of this enzyme, typically caused by gene mutation, leads to lethal disease called sulfite oxidase deficiency characterized by neurological abnormalities with brain atrophy.ed sulfite oxidase deficiency characterized by neurological abnormalities with brain atrophy.)
• Synchronous time axes  + ('''Synchronous time axes''' sets, if ticked, the time axes of all graphs at an identical range and offset, which is particularly useful while panning.)
• T-Shirt: Oroboros black/organic cotton  + ('''T-Shirt Oroboros black/organic cotton''': An Oroboros on the front.)
• TIP2k and O2k-upgrade\B  + ('''TIP2k and O2k-Upgrade\B''': Titration-Injection microPump TIP2k, including the electronic upgrade of the O2k-main unit returned to workshop (Series B-D). '''Discontinued''')
• TIP2k cooling box  + ('''TIP2k-Cooling Box''': Cooling box for TIP2k syringes. '''Discontinued''')
• TIP2k-Needle Safety Support  + ('''TIP2k-Needle Safety Support''': for safe storage of TIP2k-needles when not required during the experiment. This item is a standard component of the [[TIP2k-Module]].)
• TMRM  + ('''TMRM''' (tetramethylrhodamine methyl es … '''TMRM''' (tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester) is an [[extrinsic fluorophores|extrinsic fluorophore]] used as a probe to determine changes in [[Mitochondrial_membrane_potential|mitochondrial membrane potential]]. TMRM is a lipophilic cation that is accumulated in the mitochondrial matrix in proportion to Δ''ψ''_mt. Upon accumulation of the dye it exhibits a red shift in its absorption and fluorescence emission spectrum. The fluorescence intensity is quenched when the dye is accumulated in the mitochondrial matrix.en the dye is accumulated in the mitochondrial matrix.)
• Tetrahydrofolate  + ('''Tetrahydrofolate''', THF, is the substrate in mitochondrial folate-mediated 1C metabolism, an [[NADH-linked pathway]] leading to the formation of formate which is exported to the cytosol.)
• Tetraphenylphosphonium  + ('''Tetraphenylphosphonium''' (TPP⁺). A lipophilic molecular probe in conjunction with an ion selective electrode (ISE) for [[Mitochondrial membrane potential | measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential]].)