Description
TMRM ( tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester) is an extrinsic fluorophore and can be used as a probe to determine changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. TMRM is a lipophilic cations that is accumulated by mitochondria in proportion to ΞΟmt. Upon accumulation of the dye it exhibits a red shift in its absorption and fluorescence emission spectrum. The fluorescence intensity is quenched when the dye is accumulated by mitochondria.
Abbreviation: TMRM
Reference: Ehrenberg 1988 Biophys J
MitoPedia methods:
Fluorometry
Signal and output
- Signal: The O2k-Fluo LED2-Module is operated through the Amperometric (Amp)-Channel of the O2k, with electric current (ampere [Amp]) as the primary signal.
- Output: The focus of the output with TMRM is on Type C: Force, mt-membrane potential
The TMRM method can be used with the O2k-Fluo LED2-Module. For examples of the use of TMRM with mouse liver mitochondria, rat liver tissue homogenate, and permeabilized HEK 293T cells see the discussion page of this entry