Fatty acid: Difference between revisions
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Fatty acids with shorter chains, as [[Octanoate|octanoate]] (8 carbons) may enter the mitochondrial matrix, however, in HRFR they are more frequently supplied also in the activated form, such as [[Octanoylcarnitine|octanoylcarnitine]]. | Fatty acids with shorter chains, as [[Octanoate|octanoate]] (8 carbons) may enter the mitochondrial matrix, however, in HRFR they are more frequently supplied also in the activated form, such as [[Octanoylcarnitine|octanoylcarnitine]]. | ||
Once in the mitochondrial matrix, the [[Fatty acid oxidation|fatty acid oxidation]] (FAO) occurs, generating acetyl-CoA and | Once in the mitochondrial matrix, the [[Fatty acid oxidation|fatty acid oxidation]] (FAO) occurs, generating acetyl-CoA, NADH and FADH2. In the [[Fatty acid oxidation pathway control state|fatty acid oxidation pathway control state]] electrons are fed into the [[F-junction]] involving the [[electron transferring flavoprotein]] (CETF). FAO cannot proceed without a substrate combination of fatty acids & malate, and inhibition of CI blocks FAO. | ||
Revision as of 13:25, 15 February 2019
Description
Abbreviation: FA
Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a carbon aliphatic chain. The fatty acids can be divided by the length of this chain, being considered as short-chain (4–8 carbons), medium-chain (6–12 carbons) and long-chain (14-22 carbons) fatty acids.
Long-chain fatty acids must be bound to carnitine to enter the mitochondrial matrix, in a reaction that can be catalysed by carnitine acyltransferase. For this reason, long-chain fatty acids, such as palmitate (16 carbons) is frequently supplied to mt-preparations in the activated form of palmitoylcarnitine. Fatty acids with shorter chains, as octanoate (8 carbons) may enter the mitochondrial matrix, however, in HRFR they are more frequently supplied also in the activated form, such as octanoylcarnitine.
Once in the mitochondrial matrix, the fatty acid oxidation (FAO) occurs, generating acetyl-CoA, NADH and FADH2. In the fatty acid oxidation pathway control state electrons are fed into the F-junction involving the electron transferring flavoprotein (CETF). FAO cannot proceed without a substrate combination of fatty acids & malate, and inhibition of CI blocks FAO.
Reference: Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways
MitoPedia topics: Substrate and metabolite
Fatty acids used in HRFR
- Octanoylcarnitine (Oct)
- Palmitoylcarnitine (Pal)
- Octanoate (Oca)