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List of results

• Phosphocreatine  + ('''Phosphocreatine''' is a high energy compound in the skeletal muscle of vertebrates and is present in 4 to 5 times the concentration of ATP.)
• Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase  + ('''Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase''' (P … '''Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase''' (PEPCK) catalyzes the anabolic reaction of [[oxaloacetate]] (Oxa) to [[phosphoenolpyruvate]] at the expense of GTP. PEPCK is a cytoplasmatic enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis in mouse and rat liver, but 'is found in the mitochondria in the rabbit and chicken, and in both cytoplasm and mitochondria in the guinea pig' ([[Lehninger 1970 Worth Publishers |Lehninger 1970]]). In many anoxia-resistant animals, PEPCK plays an important catabolic role under severe hypoxia and anoxia at the PEPCK branchpoint ([[Hochachka 2002 Oxford Univ Press |Hochachka, Somero 2002)]], feeding malate into the reversed TCA cycle: malate is dismutated to pyruvate catalyzed by [[malic enzyme]] in the oxidative direction, and to fumarate in the reductive direction, leading to formation of succinate and ATP under anoxia ([[Gnaiger 1977 Invertebrate anoxibiosis |Gnaiger 1977]]).[[Gnaiger 1977 Invertebrate anoxibiosis |Gnaiger 1977]]).)
• Phosphorescence  + ('''Phosphorescence''' is a similar phenome … '''Phosphorescence''' is a similar phenomenon to [[fluorescence]]. However, instead of the electron returning to its original energy state following excitation, it decays to an intermediate state (with a different spin value) where it can remain for some time (minutes or even hours) before decaying to its original state. Phosphorescence is one form of [[Luminescence]], especially Photoluminescence.[[Luminescence]], especially Photoluminescence.)
• PhotoBiology  + ('''PhotoBiology''' is the science of the e … '''PhotoBiology''' is the science of the effect of light on biological processes. This includes [[photosynthesis]], photochemistry, photophysics, photomorphogenesis, vision, bioluminescence, circadian rhythms and photodynamic therapy. Phototoxicity results from non-ionizing radiation (i.e. ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation). Non-ionizing radiation is any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy per quantum (photon energy below 10 eV) to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule. When photons interact with molecules, the molecules can absorb the photon energy and become excited, reacting with surrounding molecules and stimulating "photochemical" and "photophysical" changes. Respiration may be affected by light during photosynthesis or in dark respiration, with the transient response of [[light-enhanced dark respiration]].[[light-enhanced dark respiration]].)
• Photodecomposition  + ('''Photodecomposition''' or photodegradati … '''Photodecomposition''' or photodegradation is the process of decay of organic material induced by increasing light intensity. Under aerobic conditions, the enhancement of photodecomposition by light intensity can be quantified by oxygen consumption in a controlled light regime. consumption in a controlled light regime.)
• Photodiode arrays  + ('''Photodiode arrays''' are two dimensiona … '''Photodiode arrays''' are two dimensional assemblies of [[photodiodes]]. They are frequently used in conjunction with charge coupled devices (CCDs) for digital imaging. They can be used in combination with [[dispersion devices]] to detect wavelength dependent light intensities in a [[spectrofluorometer]] or [[spectrophotometer]].[[spectrophotometer]].)
• Photodiodes  + ('''Photodiodes''' are photodetectors that … '''Photodiodes''' are photodetectors that convert [[incident light]] into a current or voltage dependent on their configuration. They have replaced photomultiplier tubes for most applications. For fluorometric measurements that do not require spectral data, a single photodiode with suitable [[filters]] can be used. Due to their larger detection area, they are more sensitive than [[photodiode arrays]].[[photodiode arrays]].)
• Photorespiration  + ('''Photorespiration''' is the process by w … '''Photorespiration''' is the process by which the enzyme RuBisCo oxygenates ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) instead of carboxylating it as part of the Calvin-Benson cycle, creating phosphoglycolate, a product that cannot be used within this cycle, thus dissipating the energy in [[photosynthesis]]. It is estimated that approximately 25 % of RuBisCo reactions are photorespiration, meaning a potential 25 % reduction in photosynthetic output due to the carbon fixed by photorespiration being released as carbon dioxide and nitrogen as ammonia, while the other product, 3-phosphoglycerate (G3P), requires a higher metabolic cost. This process involves a complex network of enzymes and metabolite exchanges between the chloroplasts, peroxisomes and mitochondria. It is also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle or C₂ photosynthesis. Environmental conditions tend to affect it, such as temperature and partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide. C₄ plants, CAM plants and algae have biochemical and biophysical mechanisms to overcome the photosynthetic losses due to photorespiration making them more photosynthetically efficient than C₃ plants. [https://www.biotechniques.com/molecular-biology/new-photorespiratory-pathways-the-key-to-humanitys-survival/ Recent plant biotechnology advances] focuse on increasing plant photosynthetic carbon fixation by reducing photorespiration loses.asing plant photosynthetic carbon fixation by reducing photorespiration loses.)
• Photosynthesis  + ('''Photosynthesis''' is the process that c … '''Photosynthesis''' is the process that converts light energy into chemical energy which is subsequently transformed to the physiological energy demand. Photosynthesis has a light-dependent and light-independent (dark) phase. In plants, algae, and cynobacteria, light energy is absorbed during the light phase by the pigment chlorophyll and used to split water and generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reducing power - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), with the net production of O₂ as a waste product. During the dark phase ATP and NADPH are used to synthesize carbohydrates from CO₂ through the metabolic pathway called Calvin-Benson cycle. Oxygenic photosynthesis is responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen concentration of the Earth’s atmosphere. In bacteria such as cyanobacteria, photosynthesis involves the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells (plants and algae), photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.plants and algae), photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.)
• Piericidin  + ('''Piericidin''' C₂₅ … '''Piericidin''' C₂₅H₃₇NO₄ is an antibiotic (isolated from ''Streptomyces mobaraensis'') showing similarity with ubiquinone structure which has a potent and competitive inhibitory effect of [[Complex I |CI]] (it competes with endogenous and partially with exogenous Q for binding sites). CI inhibitors have been divided (''1'') depending of the site of action (functional classification): quinone antagonists (e.g. piericidin A, first site), semiquinone antagonists (piericidin A, second site; piericidin B; [[Rotenone| rotenone]] and quinol antagonists (myxothiazol; stigmatellin), and (''2'') depending on their effect on ROS production: inducing ROS production (e.g. rotenone, piericidin A, Rolliniastatin-1 and -2) and preventing ROS production (e.g. stigmatellin, capsaicin, mucidin and coenzyme Q2). In plants, pieridicin A inhibits photosystem II.in, mucidin and coenzyme Q2). In plants, pieridicin A inhibits photosystem II.)

• Plan S  + ('''Plan S''' is an initiative for [[Open Access]] … '''Plan S''' is an initiative for [[Open Access]] publishing that was launched in September 2018. The plan is supported by cOAlition S, an international consortium of research funding and performing organisations. Plan S requires that, from 2021, scientific publications that result from research funded by public grants must be published in compliant Open Access journals or platforms. According to [https://www.scienceeurope.org/our-priorities/open-access Science Europe], "Plan S requires that recipients of research funding from cOAlition S organisations make the resulting publications available immediately (without embargoes) and under open licences, either in quality Open Access platforms or journals or through immediate deposit in open repositories that fulfil the necessary conditions."ies that fulfil the necessary conditions.")
• Platelet-rich plasma  + ('''Platelet-rich plasma''' (PRP) is obtain … '''Platelet-rich plasma''' (PRP) is obtained as the upper layer at low-speed centrifugation (around 150-200 ''g''), when white and red blood cells sediment and thus get separated from plasma containing the [[platelet]]s. For further details see [[blood cell preparation]].[[blood cell preparation]].)
• Platelet  + ('''Platelets''' or '''thrombocytes''' (PLT) are cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes with hemostatic function in the blood stream. PLT are anucleated but contain functioning mitochondria that play a critical role in PLT activation.)
• Poicilotherms  + ('''Poicilotherms''' are [[ectotherms]] whose body temperatures conform to the temperature of the milieu in a thermally variable environment.)
• Redox poise  + ('''Poise'''=A state of balance. '''Redox p … '''Poise'''=A state of balance. '''Redox poise''' in electron transport occurs when each electron-carrying intermediate is present in both its oxidized state and its reduced state, in order for that component both to accept and to donate electrons or hydrogen atoms. Redox poise is likely to be essential in the Q-cycle, where the plastosemiquinone participates in one-electron transfer with cytochrome ''b'', despite its tendency to transfer its single electron to oxygen, generating superoxide. When applied to noncyclic electron transport, ''redox poise'' indicates a position of optimal redox state where the activity of components are such that their effective redox potentials favor physiologically useful electron transfer. physiologically useful electron transfer.)
• Polarographic oxygen sensor  + ('''Polarographic oxygen sensors''' (POS) a … '''Polarographic oxygen sensors''' (POS) are operated with a polarization voltage between the cathode and anode, connected by an electrolyte. Cathode, anode and electrolyte are separated from the analyte by an oxygen-permeable membrane. Oxygen is reduced at the cathode such that the local oxygen concentration is maintained at zero, and diffuses along the concentration gradient from the stirred medium to the cathode, resulting in a linear calibration between oxygen partial pressure and electric current [Amp] (amperometric mode of operation). The [[OroboPOS]] is the POS applied in the [[Oroboros O2k]].[[Oroboros O2k]].)
• Polyether ether ketone  + ('''Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)''' is a s … '''Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)''' is a semicrystalline organic polymer thermoplastic, which is chemically very resistant, with excellent mechanical properties. PEEK is compatible with ultra-high vacuum applications, and its resistance against oxygen diffusion make it an ideal material for high-resolution respirometry ([[POS]] insulation; coating of stirrer bars; stoppers for closing the O2k-Chamber).rs; stoppers for closing the O2k-Chamber).)
• Polyvinylidene fluoride  + ('''Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)''' is a … '''Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)''' is a pure thermoplastic fluoropolymer, which is chemically very resistant, with excellent mechanical properties. ''It is used generally in applications requiring the highest purity, strength, and resistance to solvents, acids, bases and heat'' ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinylidene_fluoride Wikipedia]). PVDF is resistant against oxygen diffusion which makes it an ideal material for high-resolution respirometry (coating of stirrer bars; stoppers for closing the O2k-Chamber).rs; stoppers for closing the O2k-Chamber).)
• Post-examination procedures  + ('''Post-examination procedures''', in the … '''Post-examination procedures''', in the postanalytical phase, are processes following the examination including systematic review, formatting and interpretation, authorization for release, reporting and transmission of the results, and storage of samples of the examinations.nd storage of samples of the examinations.)
• Potentiometry  + ('''Potentiometry''' is the general term gi … '''Potentiometry''' is the general term given to the method of measuring the electric potential difference between two electrodes connected by an electrolytic solution. The potential of the reference electrode is constant. The other electrode is called the indicator electrode. If this is an ion-selective electrode which is in equilibrium with the solution, the measured electric potential difference is proportional to the (negative) logarithm of the activity of a specific ion in the solution. Examples are the pH glass electrode for measurement of pH, and the TPP⁺ electrode for measurement of pTPP and calculation of mt-membrane potential.ment of pTPP and calculation of mt-membrane potential.)