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This page provides a simple browsing interface for finding entities described by a property and a named value. Other available search interfaces include the page property search, and the ask query builder.

List of results

Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone + ('''Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazo … '''Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone''', CCCP (U; C9H5ClN4; ''F''W = 204.62) is a protonophore (H+ ionophore) and is used as a potent chemical [[uncoupler]] of [[oxidative phosphorylation]]. Like all uncouplers, CCCP concentrations must be titrated carefully to evaluated the optimum concentration for maximum stimulation of mitochondrial respiration, particularly to avoid inhibition of respiration at higher CCCP concentrations.ochondrial respiration, particularly to avoid inhibition of respiration at higher CCCP concentrations.)
Carboxy SNARF 1 + ('''Carboxy SNARF® 1''' is a cell-impermean … '''Carboxy SNARF® 1''' is a cell-impermeant pH indicator dye. The pKa of ~7.5 makes it useful for measuring pH in the range of pH 7 to pH 8. The emission shifts from yellow-orange at low pH to deep red fluorescence at high pH. Ratiometric fluorometry, therefore, is applied at two emission wavelengths,such as 580 nm and 640 nm.Relative molecular mass: ''M''r = 453.45molecular mass: ''M''r = 453.45)
Carboxyatractyloside + ('''Carboxyatractyloside''' CAT is a highly … '''Carboxyatractyloside''' CAT is a highly selective and potent inhibitor of the [[adenine nucleotide translocator]] (ANT). CAT stabilizes the nucleoside binding site of ANT on the cytoplasmic (positive) side of the inner membrane and blocks the exchange of matrix ATP and cytoplasmic ADP. It causes stabilization of the ''c'' conformation of ANT leading to permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis.ondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis.)
Cardiolipin + ('''Cardiolipin''', CL, is a double phospho … '''Cardiolipin''', CL, is a double phospholipid (having 4 fatty acyl chains) in the mitochondrial inner membrane (mtIM) which plays an important role in mitochondrial bioenergetics. CL is involved in the mitochondria-dependent pathway of apoptosis, participates in the function and stabilization of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and supercomplexes and also contributes to mitochondrial integrity. Contributed by [[Sparagna G]] 2016-04-18[[Sparagna G]] 2016-04-18)
Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase + ('''Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase''' is a mitochondrial enzyme that transfers [[carnitine]] to octanoyl-CoA to form [[Coenzyme A]] and [[octanoylcarnitine]]: Octanoyl-CoA + L-carnitine ↔ CoA + L-octanoylcarnitine.)
Carnitine acetyltransferase + ('''Carnitine acetyltransferase''' (CrAT) i … '''Carnitine acetyltransferase''' (CrAT) is located in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyses the formation of acetyl-carnitine from acetyl-CoA and L-carnitine and thus regulates the acetyl-CoA/free CoA ratio which is essential for [[pyruvate dehydrogenase]] complex (PDC) activity.[[pyruvate dehydrogenase]] complex (PDC) activity.)
Carnitine acyltransferase + ('''Carnitine acyltransferases''' mediate t … '''Carnitine acyltransferases''' mediate the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mt-membrane by binding them to carnitine. First, long-chain fatty acids are activated by an energy-requiring step in which the fatty acid ester of CoA is formed enzymatically at the expense of ATP. The fatty acids then pass through the inner mt-membrane and enter the mitochondria as carnitine esters ([[acylcarnitine]]s). The fatty acyl group is then transferred from carnitine to intramitochondrial CoA and the resulting fatty acyl CoA is used as a substrate in the fatty acid oxidation (FAO) cycle in the mt-matrix.id oxidation (FAO) cycle in the mt-matrix.)
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I + ('''Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I''' (CP … '''Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I''' (CPT-I, also known as carnitine acyltransferase I) is a regulatory enzyme in mitochondrial long-chain acyl-CoA uptake and further oxidation. CPT-I is associated with the mt-outer membrane mtOM and catalyses the formation of [[acylcarnitine]]s from acyl-CoA and L-carnitine. In the next step, acyl-carnitines are transported to the mitochondrial matrix via [[carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase]] in exchange for free [[carnitine]]. In the inner side of the mtIM [[carnitine palmitoyltransferase II]] converts the acyl-carnitines to carnitine and acyl-CoAs. There are three enzyme isoforms: CPT-1A (liver type), CPT-1B (muscle type), CPT-1C (brain type). Isoforms have significantly different kinetic and regulatory properties. Malonyl-CoA is an endogenous inhibitor of CPT-I.l-CoA is an endogenous inhibitor of CPT-I.)
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II + ('''Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II''' (C … '''Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II''' (CPT-II, also known as carnitine acyltransferase II) is part of the carnitine shuttle which is responsible for the mitochondrial transport of long-chain fatty acids. CPT-II is located on the inner side of the mtIM and converts the [[acylcarnitine]]s (produced in the reaction catalyzed by [[carnitine palmitoyltransferase I]]) to carnitine and acyl-CoAs, which undergo ß-oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix. Free carnitines are transported out of the mitochondrial matrix in exchange for acyl-carnitines via an integral mtIM protein [[carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase]] (CACT). Short- and medium-chain fatty acids do not require the carnitine shuttle for mitochondrial transport.itine shuttle for mitochondrial transport.)
Carnitine + ('''Carnitine''' is an important factor for … '''Carnitine''' is an important factor for the transport of long-chain fatty acids bound to carnitine ([[carnitine acyltransferase]]) into the mitochondrial matrix for subsequent β-oxidation. There are two enantiomers: D- and L-carnitine. Only the L-isomer is physiologically active.ly the L-isomer is physiologically active.)

('''Carnitine''' is an important factor for the transport of long-chain f)

Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase + ('''Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase''' … '''Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase''' (CACT) is part of the carnitine shuttle which mediates the mitochondrial transport of long-chain fatty acids where the [[fatty acid oxidation]] occurs. CACT is an internal mt-IM protein and transports [[acylcarnitine]]s into the mitochondrial matrix in exchange for free [[carnitine]].[[carnitine]].)
Malate transport + ('''Carriers for malate: * [[dicarboxylate carrier]] * [[tricarboxylate carrier]] * [[2-oxoglutarate carrier]])
Catalase + ('''Catalase''' catalyzes the dismutation o … '''Catalase''' catalyzes the dismutation of [[hydrogen peroxide]] to water and [[oxygen]]. Perhaps all cells have catalase, but mitochondria of most cells lack catalase. Cardiac mitochondria are exceptional in having mt-catalase activity (rat heart mitochondria: Radi et al 1991; mouse heart mitochondria: Rindler et al 2013). [[Hydroxylamine]] is an inhibitor of catalase, which is also inhibited by [[cyanide]] and [[azide]].Mitochondrial respiration medium [[MiR05]] was developed considering the intracellular conditions of mitochondria in living cells. In mitochondrial preparations, enzymes and substrates present in the cytosol (such as catalase) are diluted when the plasma membrane is removed. Therefore, the addition of catalase is recommended when working with mitochondrial preparations, to consume any H2O2 generated during the assay.2O2 generated during the assay.)
Catalytic activity + ('''Catalytic activity''' of an enzyme is m … '''Catalytic activity''' of an enzyme is measured by an enzyme assay and is expressed in units of katal (kat [mol∙s-1]). More commonly (but not conforming to SI units or IUPAC recommendations) enzyme activity is expressed in units U [mol∙min-1].tivity is expressed in units U [mol∙min-1].)
Cell culture media + ('''Cell culture media''', like RPMI or DMEM, used for [[HRR]] of living cells.)
Cell respiration + ('''Cell respiration''' channels metabolic … '''Cell respiration''' channels metabolic fuels into the chemiosmotic coupling (bioenergetic) machinery of [[oxidative phosphorylation]], being regulated by and regulating oxygen consumption (or consumption of an alternative final electron acceptor) and molecular redox states, ion gradients, mitochondrial (or microbial) membrane potential, the phosphorylation state of the ATP system, and heat dissipation in response to intrinsic and extrinsic energy demands. See also [[respirometry]].In internal or '''cell respiration''' in contrast to [[fermentation]], redox balance is maintained by external electron acceptors, transported into the cell from the environment. The chemical potential between electron donors and electron acceptors drives the [[electron transfer pathway]], generating a chemiosmotic potential that in turn drives ATP synthesis.tential that in turn drives ATP synthesis.)
Charge + ('''Charge''' ''Q''el is the quantity of electricity expressed in the SI unit coulomb [C]. ''Q''el''X'' [C] indicates the charge carried by the quantity of a specified ion ''X''.)
Check for updates - DatLab + ('''Check for updates''': Frequently check … '''Check for updates''': Frequently check for updated DatLab 8 versions and follow the simple installation instruction if your computer running DatLab (Linux or Windows) is connected to internet. Alternatively, use a different computer connected to internet, download the [https://www.oroboros.at/index.php/download-update-datlab-8-for-linux/ update for Linux], and transfer it to the computer operating DatLab by USB (e.g. the O2k integrated PC). More information: [https://www.oroboros.at/index.php/product/datlab/ Oroboros Marketplace - DatLab]uct/datlab/ Oroboros Marketplace - DatLab])
Chinese numerals + ('''Chinese numerals''' The Arabic numeral … '''Chinese numerals'''The Arabic numeral system used today in China was introduced to China by the Europeans in the early 17th century. But the Chinese character-based number systems are still in use. The financial numerals are used only when writing an amount on a form for remitting money at a bank. They function as anti-fraud numerals. The character 零 (zero) appeared very early in ancient Chinese writing. However, at that time, it did not mean "nothing", but "bits and pieces", "not much". 一百零五(105) means in Chinese: In addition to a hundred, there is a fraction of five. With the introduction of the Arabic numerals, 105 is exactly pronounced “one hundred zero five”, the character 零 corresponds exactly to the symbol 0. Thus, the character 零has the meaning of 0. But the character 〇 was one of the Chinese characters created and promulgated by the only empress (with greater achievements than countless emperors) in the history of China in 690 AD (much later than the invention of 0 in India) for the purpose of demonstrating her power. At that time the character 〇 meant “star”, representing a round planet. It is now used as a synonym for the 零 (zero). planet. It is now used as a synonym for the 零 (zero).)
Chloroplasts + ('''Chloroplasts''' (Greek chloros: green; … '''Chloroplasts''' (Greek chloros: green; plastes: the one who forms) are small structures within the cells that conduct [[photosynthesis]]. They are a type of organelle called plastids that are present in eukaryotic plant cells (algae, aquatic and terrestrial plants) and characterized by having two membranes and a high concentration of the pigment Chlorophyll. Like [[mitochondria]], they originated through the endosymbiosis of a cyanobacteria by an early eukaryotic cell and they have their own DNA which replicates during cell division. In addition to photosynthesis, in their internal matrix called stroma they also carry out other metabolic functions within the plant cells such as fatty acid synthesis or amino acid synthesis.ty acid synthesis or amino acid synthesis.)