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List of results

• Linearity  + ('''Linearity''' is the ability of the meth … '''Linearity''' is the ability of the method to produce test results that are proportional, either directly or by a well-defined mathematical transformation, to the concentration of the analyte in samples within a given range. This property is inherent in the [[Beer-Lambert law]] for [[absorbance]] alone, but deviations occur in [[scattering]] media. It is also a property of [[fluorescence]], but a [[fluorophore]] may not exhibit linearity, particularly over a large range of concentrations.arly over a large range of concentrations.)
• Luminescence  + ('''Luminescence''' is spontaneous emission … '''Luminescence''' is spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment (IUPC definition). An alternative definition is "Luminescence is emission of </br>light by a substance not resulting from heat." Luminescence comprises many different pehnomena. Luminescence from direct photoexcitation of the emitting species is called photoluminescence. Both [[fluorescence]] and [[phosphorescence]] are forms of photoluminescence. In biomedical research also forms of chemiluminescence (e.g.the luciferin reaction) are used. In chemiluminescence the emission of radiation results from a chemical reaction. For other forms of luminescence see [http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03641.html the IUPAC Gold Book].upac.org/L03641.html the IUPAC Gold Book].)
• Magnesium Green  + ('''Magnesium Green''' (MgG) is an [[extrinsic fluorophores|extrinsic fluorophore]] … '''Magnesium Green''' (MgG) is an [[extrinsic fluorophores|extrinsic fluorophore]] that fluoresces when bound to Mg²⁺ and is used for measuring mitochondrial ATP production by [[mitochondrial preparations]]. Determination of mitochondrial ATP production is based on the different dissociation constants of Mg²⁺ for [[ADP]] and [[ATP]], and the exchange of one ATP for one ADP across the mitochondrial inner membrane by the [[adenine nucleotide translocase]] (ANT). Using the dissociation constants for ADP-Mg²⁺ and ATP-Mg²⁺ and initial concentrations of ADP, ATP and Mg²⁺, the change in ATP concentration in the medium is calculated, which reflects mitochondrial ATP production. change in ATP concentration in the medium is calculated, which reflects mitochondrial ATP production.)
• Malic enzyme  + ('''Malic enzyme''' (ME; EC 1.1.1.40) catal … '''Malic enzyme''' (ME; EC 1.1.1.40) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of L-malate to pyruvate with the concomitant reduction of the dinucleotide cofactor NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ and a requirement for divalent cations (Mg²⁺ or Mn²⁺) as cofactors.</br></br>NAD(P)⁺ + L-malate^2- <--> NAD(P)H + pyruvate^- + CO₂</br></br>Three groups of ME are distinguished (i) NAD⁺- and (ii) NADP⁺-dependent ME specific for NAD⁺ or NADP⁺, respectively, and (iii) NAD(P)⁺- dependent ME with dual specificity for NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as cofactor. Three isoforms of ME have been identified in mammals: cytosolic NADP⁺-dependent ME (cNADP-ME or ME1), mitochondrial NAD(P)⁺-dependent ME (mtNAD-ME or ME2; with NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as cofactor, preference for NAD⁺ under physiological conditions), and mitochondrial NADP⁺-dependent ME (mtNADP-ME or ME3). mtNAD-ME plays an important role in [[anaplerosis]] when glucose is limiting, particularly in heart and skeletal muscle. [[Tartronic acid]] (hydroxymalonic acid) is an inhibitor of ME.[[Tartronic acid]] (hydroxymalonic acid) is an inhibitor of ME.)
• Malonate  + ('''Malonate''' (malonic acid) is a competitive inhibitor of [[succinate dehydrogenase]] ([[Complex II]]). Malonate is a substrate of [[malonyl-CoA synthase]].)
• Malonyl-CoA synthase  + ('''Malonyl-CoA synthase''' or ACSF3 protei … '''Malonyl-CoA synthase''' or ACSF3 protein is a mitochondrial fatty-acyl-CoA synthase found in mammals. Traditionally, malonyl-CoA is formed from acetyl-CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. However, Witkowski et al (2011) showed that mammals express malonyl-CoA Synthase (ACSF3) with enzymatic activity in the presence of [[malonate]] (Complex II inhibitor) and methylmalonate.(Complex II inhibitor) and methylmalonate.)
• Marks - DatLab  + ('''Marks''' in [[DatLab]] … '''Marks''' in [[DatLab]] define sections of a [[plot]] recorded over time. Marks are set by the [[user]] in real-time, or post-experimentally for basic level data analysis. Set Marks to obtain the median, average, standard deviation, [[Outlier index - DatLab |outlier index]] and range of the data within the mark, for calibration of the oxygen signal, flux analysis, or to delete marked data points. Marks are shown by a horizontal bar in the active plot. The default [[Mark names]] are given automatically in numerical sequence, independent for each plot. Rename marks individually by clicking into the horizontal bar, or use corresponding templates for renaming the entire sequence of marks. Several marks can be set on any plot.rks. Several marks can be set on any plot.)
• VO2max  + ('''Maximum oxygen consumption''', ''V''< … '''Maximum oxygen consumption''', ''V''_O₂max, is and index of cardiorespiratory fitness, measured by spiroergometry on human and animal organisms capable of controlled physical exercise performance on a treadmill or cycle ergometer. ''V''_O₂max is the maximum respiration of an organism, expressed as the volume of O₂ at [[STPD]] consumed per unit of time per individual object [mL.min^-1.x^-1]. If normalized per body mass of the individual object, ''M'' [kg.x^-1], mass specific maximum oxygen consumption, ''V''_{O₂max/''M''}, is expressed in units [mL.min^-1.kg^-1]. specific maximum oxygen consumption, ''V''_{O₂max/''M''}, is expressed in units [mL.min^-1.kg^-1].)
• Melatonin  + ('''Melatonin''' (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptam … '''Melatonin''' (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, aMT) is a highly conserved molecule present in unicellular to vertebrate organisms. Melatonin is synthesized from tryptophan in the pinealocytes by the pineal gland and also is produced in other organs, tissues and fluids (extrapineal melatonin). Melatonin has lipophilic and hydrophilic nature which allows it to cross biological membranes. Therefore, melatonin is present in all subcellular compartments predominantly in the nucleus and mitochondria. Melatonin has pleiotropic functions with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and oncostatic effects with a wide spectrum of action particularly at the level of mitochondria. » [[#Melatonin and protection from mitochondrial damage |'''MiPNet article''']][#Melatonin and protection from mitochondrial damage |'''MiPNet article''']])
• Mersalyl  + ('''Mersalyl''' (C₁₃H₁₇HgNO₆) is an inhibitor of the [[Pi symporter]].)

• Metformin  + ('''Metformin''' (dimethylbiguanide) is mainly known as an important antidiabetic drug which is effective, however, in a wide spectrum of degenerative diseases. It is an inhibitor of [[Complex I]] and [[glycerophosphate dehydrogenase complex]].)
• Methylmalonic acid  + ('''Methylmalonic acid''' (Mma) is a common intermediate in many catabolic processes. In methylmalonic acidemia mitochondrial dysfunction can be observed, related to accumulation of Mma and associated with neurological symptoms.)
• Metrology  + ('''Metrology''' is the science of measurement, including all aspects both theoretical and practical with reference to measurements, whatever their uncertainty, and in whatever fields of science or technology they occur [SOURCE: VIM:1993, 2.2].)
• Microplates  + ('''Microplate''' readers allow large numbe … '''Microplate''' readers allow large numbers of sample reactions to be assayed in well format microtitre plates. The most common microplate format used in academic research laboratories or clinical diagnostic laboratories is 96-well (8 by 12 matrix) with a typical reaction volume between 100 and 200 µL per well. a wide range of applications involve the use of [[fluorescence]] measurements , although they can also be used in conjunction with [[absorbance]] measurements.[absorbance]] measurements.)
• Microxia  + ('''Microxia''' (deep hypoxia) is obtained when trace amounts of O₂ exert a stimulatory effect on respiration above the level where metabolism is switched to a purely [[anaerobic]] mode.)
• MitoFit protocols  + ('''MitoFit protocols''' are moderated by t … '''MitoFit protocols''' are moderated by the [[MitoFit moderators]] (MitoFit team), either as protocols with direct reference to publications available to the scientific communicty, or protocols additionally described and made available in Bioblast with full information on authors (including contact details), author contributions, and editor (moderator) in charge. This aims at a comprehensive [[MitoFit data repository]], which will require global input and cooperation.will require global input and cooperation.)
• MitoFit registered project  + ('''MitoFit registered projects''' are anno … '''MitoFit registered projects''' are announced with reference to [[MitoFit protocols]] as [[publicly deposited protocols]]. Project registration is a two-phase process. Guidelines will be defined. (''1'') Pre-registration of a project requires submission to a MitoFit moderator (editor), including protocol details with reference to MitoPedia protocols, or with submission of protocols for publication (Open Access) in MitoPedia. The MitoFit (Bioblast) editors will edit the submitted protocols (layout) and insert into Bioblast submitted pre-registrations and protocols. (''2'') MitoFit moderators (editors) will set up a [[MitoFit accreditation panel]], in which the registrant will be included (perhaps not in the long run, to avoid conflict of interests) and/or for which the registrant can suggest delegates (compare peer review). Accredited [[MitoFit protocols]] are labelled as [[MitoFit accredited]], and the pre-registered MitoFit project becomes labelled and listed as '''MitoFit registered project''' (MitoFit accredited). This is possible before (advance registration), during progress, and after completion of a study (post-registration). A MitoFit registered project receives a code for feeding data into the [[MitoFit data repository]].[[MitoFit data repository]].)
• MitoKit-CII/Malonate-nv  + ('''MitoKit-CII/Malonate-nv''' (diacetoxyme … '''MitoKit-CII/Malonate-nv''' (diacetoxymethyl malonate) is a plasma membrane-permeable prodrug (permeable malonate; Mnanv) that diffuses across the plasma membrane. Cleavage of diacetoxymethyl groups is mediated by intracellular esterases, thus releasing [[malonate]] in the intracellular space. Abliva #: 01-161-s2e intracellular space. Abliva #: 01-161-s2)
• MitoKit-CII/Succinate-nv  + ('''MitoKit-CII/Succinate-nv''' (diacetoxym … '''MitoKit-CII/Succinate-nv''' (diacetoxymethyl succinate) is a plasma membrane-permeable prodrug (permeable succinate; Snv) that diffuses across the plasma membrane. Cleavage of diacetoxymethyl groups is mediated by intracellular esterases, thus releasing [[succinate]] in the intracellular space. Abliva #: 01-118-s4 intracellular space. Abliva #: 01-118-s4)
• MitoSOX  + ('''MitoSOX^TM''' is … '''MitoSOX^TM''' is the version of the [[Dihydroethidium|hydroetidine]] designed to target mitochondria in live cells for the detection of [[superoxide]] (O₂^•-). The oxidation of the compound by O₂^•- is easily detected in the red spectrum. One of the advantages of MitoSOX^TM is its selectivity for O₂^•- but not for other [[Reactive oxygen species|reactive oxygen species]] or [[Reactive nitrogen species|reactive nitrogen species]]. </br>::::• Readily '''oxidized by superoxide''' but not by other ROS- or RNS-generating systems</br>::::• '''Absorption/emission maxima''': ~510/580 nm</br>::::• Use for '''live cell imaging'''</br>::::• Rapidly and selectively '''targeted to the mitochondria'''</br></br></br>'''MitoSOX^TM''' has been widely used in life cell imaging but it is not free of problems and should be used cautiously. For example, it has been highlighted that the use of potentiometric dyes which accumulates into the mitochondria due to its moiety with [[Tetraphenylphosphonium]], confers a membrane potential sensitivity that creates a series of artifacts and problems not often considered.hosphonium]], confers a membrane potential sensitivity that creates a series of artifacts and problems not often considered.)