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List of results

• Molar mass  + ('''Molar mass''' ''M'' is the mass of a c … '''Molar mass''' ''M'' is the mass of a chemical compound divided by its amount-of-substance measured in moles. It is defined as ''M''_B = ''m''/''n''_B, where ''m'' is the total mass of a sample of pure substance and ''n''_B is the amount of substance B given in moles. The definition applies to pure substance. The molar mass allows for converting between the mass of a substance and its amount for bulk quantities. It is calculated as the sum of standard atomic weights of all atoms that form one entity of the substance.</br></br>The appropriate [[SI base units]] is kg·mol^-1. However, for historical as well as usability reasons, g·mol^-1 is almost always used instead.historical as well as usability reasons, g·mol^-1 is almost always used instead.)
• Monoamine oxidase  + ('''Monoamine oxidases''' are enzymes boun … '''Monoamine oxidases''' are enzymes bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria and they catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. Oxygen is used to remove an amine group from a molecule, resulting in the corresponding aldehyde and ammonia. Monoamine oxidases contain the covalently bound cofactor [[FAD]] and are, thus, classified as flavoproteins.nd are, thus, classified as flavoproteins.)
• Myxothiazol  + ('''Myxothiazol''' Myx is an inhibitor of [[Complex III]] … '''Myxothiazol''' Myx is an inhibitor of [[Complex III]] (CIII). CIII also inhibits [[Complex I|CI]]. Myxothiazol binds to the Q_o site of CIII (close to cytochrome ''b''_L) and inhibits the transfer of electrons from reduced QH₂ to the Rieske iron sulfur protein.ons from reduced QH₂ to the Rieske iron sulfur protein.)
• N-ethylmaleimide  + ('''N-ethylmaleimide''' is an organic compound that is derived from maleic acid and blocks endogenous Pi transport.)
• NADH  + ('''NAD⁺''' and '''NADH''': see [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide]].)
• NADH calibration - DatLab  + ('''NADH calibration''')
• NS e-input  + ('''NS e-input''' or the [[NS-pathway control state]] … '''NS e-input''' or the [[NS-pathway control state]] is electron input from a combination of substrates for the [[N-pathway control state]] and [[S-pathway control state]] through Complexes [[CI]] and [[CII]] simultaneously into the [[Q-junction]]. NS e-input corresponds to [[TCA cycle]] function ''in vivo'', with [[convergent electron flow]] through the [[Electron transfer pathway]]. In [[Mitochondrial preparations|mt-preparations]], NS e-input requires addition not only of NADH- (N-) linked substrates (pyruvate&malate or glutamate&malate), but of succinate (S) simultaneously, since [[metabolite depletion]] in the absence of succinate prevents a significant stimulation of S-linked respiration. For more details, see: [[Additive effect of convergent electron flow]].[[Additive effect of convergent electron flow]].)
• Nagarse  + ('''Nagarse''' is a broad specifity proteas … '''Nagarse''' is a broad specifity protease from bacteria used to promote breakdown of the cellular structure of "hard" tissues such as skeletal muscle or heart mucsle that cannot be homogenized easily without treatment with a protease. Nagarse is frequently used in protocols for isolating mitochondria from muscle tissue.isolating mitochondria from muscle tissue.)
• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide  + ('''Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide''', N … '''Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide''', NAD⁺ and NADH (pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, NAD and NADP), is an oxidation-reduction coenzyme (redox cofactor; compare [[FADH2 |FADH₂]]). In the [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state]] fuelled by type N-substrates, mt-matrix dehydrogenases generate NADH, the substrate of [[Complex I]] (CI). The reduced N-substrate RH₂ is oxidized and NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH,:::: RH₂ + NAD⁺ → NADH + H⁺ + RThe mt-NADH pool integrates the activity of the [[TCA cycle]] and various matrix dehydrogenases upstream of CI, and thus forms a junction or funnel of electron transfer to CI, the [[N-junction]] (compare [[F-junction]], [[Q-junction]]). NAD⁺ and NADH are not permeable through the [[Mitochondrial inner membrane|mt-inner membrane]], mtIM. Therefore, an increase of mitochondrial respiration after the addition of NADH may indicate an alteration of the mtIM integrity. Cytosolic NADH is effectively made available for mitochondrial respiration through the [[malate-aspartate shuttle]] or [[Glycerophosphate_dehydrogenase_Complex|glycerophosphate dehydrogenase Complex]].Glycerophosphate_dehydrogenase_Complex|glycerophosphate dehydrogenase Complex]].)
• Nitric oxide synthase  + ('''Nitric oxide synthase''', NOS, catalyzes the production of nitric oxide (NO•), which is a [[reactive nitrogen species]]. There are four types of NOS: neuronal NOS (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and mitochondrial NOS (mtNOS).)

• Normalization of rate  + ('''Normalization of rate''' (respiratory r … '''Normalization of rate''' (respiratory rate, rate of hydrogen peroxide production, growth rate) is required to report experimental data. Normalization of rates leads to a diversity of formats. Normalization is guided by physicochemical principles, methodological considerations, and conceptual strategies. The challenges of measuring respiratory rate are matched by those of normalization. Normalization of rates for: (''1'') the number of objects (cells, organisms); (''2'') the volume or mass of the experimental sample; and (''3'') the concentration of mitochondrial markers in the instrumental chamber are sample-specific normalizations, which are distinguished from system-specific normalization for the volume of the instrumental chamber (the measuring system). Metabolic ''flow'', ''I'', per [[Count |countable]] object increases as the size of the object is increased. This confounding factor is eliminated by expressing rate as sample-mass specific or sample-volume specific ''flux'', ''J''. [[Flow]] is an [[extensive quantity]], whereas [[flux]] is a [[specific quantity]]. If the aim is to find differences in mitochondrial function independent of mitochondrial density, then normalization to a [[mitochondrial marker]] is imperative. [[Flux control ratio]]s and [[flux control efficiency |flux control efficiencies]] are based on internal normalization for rate in a reference state, are independent of externally measured markers and, therefore, are statistically robust. and, therefore, are statistically robust.)
• Normothermia  + ('''Normothermia''' in endotherms is a stat … '''Normothermia''' in endotherms is a state when body core temperature is regulated within standard limits. In humans, normothermia is considered as a body temperature of 36.4 to 37.8 °C. Normothermia, however, has a different definition in the context of [[ectotherms]].</br>» [[Normothermia#Normothermia:_from_endotherms_to_ectotherms | '''MiPNet article''']]Normothermia#Normothermia:_from_endotherms_to_ectotherms | '''MiPNet article''']])
• Nuclear respiratory factor 1  + ('''Nuclear respiratory factor 1''' is a transcription factor downstream of [[Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha|PGC-1alpha]] involved in coordinated expression of [[nDNA]] and [[mtDNA]].)
• O-ring\Viton\12x1 mm  + ('''O-ring\[[Viton]] … '''O-ring\[[Viton]]\12x1 mm''', for PVDF or PEEK O2k-Stoppers, box of 4 as spares.</br></br>Two spare boxes of this product are standard components of the [[O2k-Assembly Kit]] ([[O2k-FluoRespirometer]]) as well as the [[O2k-TPP+ ISE-Module]] and the [[O2k-NO Amp-Module]].[[O2k-NO Amp-Module]].)
• O-ring\Viton\16x2 mm  + ('''O-ring\[[Viton]]\16x2 mm''', mounted on the [[O2k-Chamber Holder sV]].)
• Oxygen calibration - DatLab  + ('''O2 calibration''' is the calibration in … '''O2 calibration''' is the calibration in DatLab of the oxygen sensor. It is a prerequisite for obtaining accurate measurements of respiration. Accurate calibration of the oxygen sensor depends on (''1'') equilibration of the incubation medium with air oxygen partial pressure at the temperature defined by the experimenter; (''2'') zero oxygen calibration; (''3'') high stability of the POS signal tested for sufficiently long periods of time; (''4'') linearity of signal output with oxygen pressure in the range between oxygen saturation and zero oxygen pressure; and (''5'') accurate oxygen solubility for aqueous solutions for the conversion of partial oxygen pressure into oxygen concentration. The standard oxygen calibration procedure is described below for high-resolution respirometry with the calibration routine using instrumental calibration DL-Protocols in [[DatLab]].[[DatLab]].)
• O2k info (view)  + ('''O2k info (view)''' displays the experim … '''O2k info (view)''' displays the experimental settings from the selected file, but does not allow modifying them. The only exception is the O2 sensor number, that can be modified by clicking on the edit button below the field. If the sensor number is modified after the recording, a warning appears next to the field, for quality control, informing that it has been changed. If more previously recorded files are open while running a measurement, [[O2k control (active)]] will always show the settings of the active recording, while O2k info (view) will show the settings of the selected file. The O2k info (view) option is disabled when the current recording file is selected.en the current recording file is selected.)
• O2k repair  + ('''O2k repair''' of defective hardware may … '''O2k repair''' of defective hardware may require replacement of spare parts. Some electronic or mechanical defects may be solved only by repair of the O2k in the electronics workshop of Oroboros Instruments, ''e.g.'', a defective Peltier unit (temperature control).ective Peltier unit (temperature control).)
• O2k status line  + ('''O2k status line''' is found above the [[O2k signal line]] … '''O2k status line''' is found above the [[O2k signal line]]. It contains information about the chamber label, O2 calibration, amperometric calibration, potentiometric calibration, the [[block temperature]], the [[illumination]] in chambers, the TIP2k status and the [[Automatic pan]].[[Automatic pan]].)
• O2k  + ('''O2k''' - [[Oroboros O2k]]: the modular system for [[high-resolution respirometry]].)