Proton: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 08:22, 17 July 2023

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Proton

Description

The terms proton p and hydrogen ion H⁺ are used synonymously in chemistry. In particle physics, a proton is a subatomic particle with a positive electric charge. Protons and neutrons are collectively referred to as nucleons. The proton is a bare charge with only about 1/64 000 of the radius of a hydrogen atom, and so the free proton is extremely reactive chemically. Therefore, the free proton has an extremely short lifetime in aqueous solutions where it forms the hydronium ion, H₃O⁺, which in turn is further solvated by water molecules in clusters such as H₅O₂⁺ and H₉O₄⁺.

Abbreviation: p⁺, p

Reference: Bunnett, Jones 1988, Headrick JM, Diken EG, Walters RS, Hammer NI, Christie RA, Cui J, Myshakin EM, Duncan MA, Johnson MA, Jordan KD (2005) Spectral signatures of hydrated proton vibrations in water clusters. Science 308:1765–69.

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pH and protons

» pH

» hydrogen ion H⁺

» hydron H⁺

» hydronium ion H₃O⁺

» hydride H^-

» proton p⁺

» pH buffering capacity

» proton flux

» proton pump versus hydrogen ion pump

» proton leak

» proton slip

» protonmotive force

O2k-pH

» O2k-Catalogue: O2k-pH ISE-Module

» O2k-Manual pH electrode: MiPNet23.15 O2k-pH ISE-Module

» O2k-SOP: MiPNet08.16 pH calibration

» File:PH-Calibration-List.xls

» NextGen-O2k, ratiometric: Carboxy SNARF 1

» NextGen-O2k, ratiometric: HPTS

» pH calibration buffers

O2k-Publications

» O2k-Publications: O2k-pH ISE-Module

HRFR - general

» O2k-Manual: MiPNet22.11 O2k-FluoRespirometer manual

» O2k signals and output

» O2k-SOP: MiPNet14.06 Instrumental O2 background

» MiPNet19.18A O2k-Series G: Start

» ESD

» O2k configuration

» O2k control

» O2k-FluoRespirometer

» O2k-Main Unit#O2k-Series

» Titration-Injection microPump

» Compare: O2k-TPP+_ISE-Module

DatLab

» DatLab 7

» MiPNet26.06 DatLab 7: Guide

» DatLab 6

» MiPNet19.18C DatLab 6: Guide

» MiPNet19.18D O2k-Series G and DatLab 6: Calibration

» Reference layouts for DatLab graphs

MitoPedia concepts: Ergodynamics

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 {{MitoPedia
 |abbr=p<sup>+</sup>, p
-|description=The terms '''proton''' p and hydrogen ion H<sup>+</sup> are used synonymously in chemistry. In particle physics, a proton is a subatomic particle with a positive electric charge. Protons and neutrons are collectively referred to as ''nucleons''. The proton is a bare charge with only about 1/64 000 of the radius of a hydrogen atom, and so the free proton is extremely reactive chemically. Therefore, the free proton has an extremely short lifetime in aqueous solutions where it forms the hydronium ion, H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, which in turn is further solvated by water molecules in clusters such as H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> and H<sub>9</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>.
+|description=The terms '''proton''' p and [[hydrogen ion]] H<sup>+</sup> are used synonymously in chemistry. In particle physics, a proton is a subatomic particle with a positive electric charge. Protons and neutrons are collectively referred to as ''nucleons''. The proton is a bare charge with only about 1/64 000 of the radius of a hydrogen atom, and so the free proton is extremely reactive chemically. Therefore, the free proton has an extremely short lifetime in aqueous solutions where it forms the [[hydronium ion]], H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, which in turn is further solvated by water molecules in clusters such as H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> and H<sub>9</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>.
 |info=[[Bunnett 1988 Pure Appl Chem |Bunnett, Jones 1988]], Headrick JM, Diken EG, Walters RS, Hammer NI, Christie RA, Cui J, Myshakin EM, Duncan MA, Johnson MA, Jordan KD (2005) Spectral signatures of hydrated proton vibrations in water clusters. Science 308:1765–69.
 }}