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Oroboros |
MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry:
Oroboros Open Support
Description
The Oroboros is the Bioenergetics Platform for high-resolution respirometry (HRR) for mitochondria and cell research. The two models of the Oroboros include the Oroboros O2k and the Oroboros NextGen-O2k for precision OXPHOS analysis.
The modular Oroboros concept is supported by DatLab, with high flexibility for add-on Oroboros Modules. All Oroboros Modules are supported by the NextGen-O2k, which is the only model supporting the NextGen-O2k Redox modules (Oroboros Q-Module and NADH-Module), and the NO-Module.
Both Oroboros models (O2k Series-J; NextGen-O2k) provide the basis for all other HRR applications, combined with measurement of ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, Ca2+, pH, and PhotoBiology.
The Oroboros allows bioenergetic analysis at controlled oxygen levels. Small amounts of biological samples can be used for bioenergetic and OXPHOS analysis, ranging from isolated mitochondria, permeabilized tissues and permeabilized cells, to living cells and tissues slices.
The globally tested and trusted high-resolution Oroboros prioritizes both quality and scientific research output in the field of mitochondrial physiology and pathology, extended to PhotoBiology. The Oroboros is a robust sole-source instrument with a long life time and low running costs. Expert service is provided by the Oroboros Open Support.
Reference: Purchase information, Oroboros-Top 10
- » The most common applications of the Oroboros
The Oroboros is used in basic and applied research to study the respiration of tissues, cells and mitochondria. Fairly simple to highly complex, comprehensive experimental protocols can be applied to assess either basal mitochondrial characteristics or obtain diagnostic insight into respiratory pathways. Topically, studies using the Oroboros range from comparative physiological investigations addressing evolutionary and environmental aspects of mitochondrial metabolism over the energetics related to exercise physiology, nutrition and life style, to aspects of clinical interest such as the impact of metabolic diseases, cancer, or pharmacological interventions.
- The most prominent applications of the Oroboros
- Studies on exercise physiology;nutrition;life style
- Diagnosis of acquired and genetic mitochondrial diseases
- Diagnosis of myopathies and neuromuscular pathologies
- Studies on cell function and cell death - apoptosis and necrosis
- Measurement of oxidative stress
- Studies on ischemia-reperfusion injury
- Studies on aging and senescence
- Pharmacological tests
- Studies on Diabetes 2
- For more applications, browse through the 4805 Oroboros Publications in the MiPMap.
Oroboros: development and distribution
- The Oroboros is developed and produced in Austria by Oroboros Instruments in close cooperation with WGT.
- High-resolution respirometry: HRR is the basis for combined measurement of respiration with redox biology (NADH and CoQ), ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, Ca2+, or pH.
- Titration-Injection microPump TIP2k: The Oroboros TIP2k combination allows operation with programmable titration regimes, feedback control, and at steady-states, yielding a new flexibility in experimental design by combining the technical advantages of closed and open systems approaches. Automatic titrations for kinetics; feedback-controlled instrumental background tests; respiration in a closed or open system, in aerobic-anaerobic transitions or at steady-state oxygen concentrations, covering the entire physiological oxygen range and the extremes of hypoxia.
- Oroboros Modules can be combined with the O2k and NextGen-O2k, and can be added any time to extend the Oroboros according to instrument comparability and application-specific objectives: Q (Q-redox state), NAD(P)H autofluorescence (NADH-redox state], PhotoBiology (photosynthesis), FluoRespirometry (ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, Ca2+), potentiometry (pH, TPP+ or TPMP+ for mitochondrial membrane potential, Ca2+) and amperometry (NO, H2S).
- Auxiliary Oroboros tools provide extended support in the context of high-resolution respirometry: Oxia the O2 regime controller for the Oroboros; Microbalance, O2k-Dissection Set.
What is an Oxygraph and the Oroboros?
- »Bioblast links: Oroboros and HRR - >>>>>>> - Click on [Expand] or [Collapse] - >>>>>>>
- Oroboros Marketplace
- » Oroboros
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- Concept
- » Concentration
- » Coupling-control state
- » Mitochondrial preparations
- » Oxidative phosphorylation
- » Oxygen, dioxygen, O2
- » Oxygen flux
- » Electron-transfer-pathway state
- » Respiration
- » Respirometry; » MitoPedia: Respirometry
- » Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocols; » MitoPedia: SUIT
- Concept
Oxygraph: O2
- O2k: The Oroboros measures oxygen (dioxygen, O2) as a gas dissolved in aqueous solution.
- With the Oroboros O2k and NextGen-O2k, experimental data are displayed not only of oxygen concentration over time; but real-time transformation of these data allows the experimenter to follow respiration (oxygen consumption, oxygen flux) of biological and biochemical samples while the experiment is still running.
- An Oxygraph is not used to measure oxygen concentration in a tissue, but for high-resolution analysis of respiratory activity of biological or biochemical samples transferred into the experimental chamber.
- Specific substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocols are applied in studies of cell respiration or mitochondrial activity. In experiments with living cells, different coupling control states can be studied to evaluate ROUTINE respiratory activity, respiration coupled to ATP production, respiratory excess capacity, residual oxygen consumption, and, by extension of conventional protocols, intactness of cell membranes. In mitochondrial preparations such as isolated mitochondria, permeabilized cells and tissue samples, or homogenized tissue, quantitative information is obtained on selected mitochondrial pathways, particularly of the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria and bacteria. Comprehensive OXPHOS analysis leads us beyond the highly informative process of oxygen consumption, when high-resolution respirometry is combined with Oroboros MultiSensor modules to simultaneously measure the production of reactive oxygen species or mitochondrial membrane potential, nitric oxide production, acid-base balance or calcium with the Oroboros FluoRespirometer or ion selective electrodes. In the Oroboros, these bioenergetic parameters are always evaluated in combination with the measurement of oxygen concentration and respiration.
Oroboros and high-resolution respirometry
- O2k: The Oroboros O2k and NextGen-O2k has two experimental chambers (k: Kammern, German for chambers). Why 0.5 to 2 mL?
- Power-O2k: Several Oroboros units are operated simultaneously (P1, P2, ..) to combine high-resolution respirometry with high-output.
- High-resolution respirometry (HRR) is the result of our long-term expertise in instrumental design, software development, mitochondrial physiology, clinical and pharmacological applications, and world-wide scientific cooperation. The innovative Oroboros developments provide a system of highest quality and distinguish HRR as a method and concept.
- HRR is defined on the basis of instrumental features of the Oroboros. The limit of detection of oxygen flux is as low as 1 pmol O2.s-1.mL-1. Oxygen backdiffusion at zero oxygen is <4 pmol.s-1.mL-1. Oxygen consumption by the polarographic oxygen sensor at air saturation and standard barometric pressure (100 kPa) is 2.7 pmol.s-1.mL-1 (± 0.9 SD; 114 test runs at 37 °C). These highly standardized instrumental background fluxes are a linear function of oxygen concentration, which is used for automatic background correction of oxygen flux (DatLab). Typical exponential time constants of the oxygen sensors are <4 s, used for dynamic corrections in kinetic studies. Signal noise at zero oxygen concentration is <0.05 µM O2.
- The Oroboros is the unique state-of-the-art instrument for HRR - where high-resolution counts:
- with small amounts of cells or tissue,
- at low respiratory activities,
- multiple substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titrations (SUIT protocols) with resolution of changes in oxygen flux over prolonged incubation times,
- flexibility of Oroboros MultiSensor applications,
- fast transitions at low oxygen levels,
- stability and quality control.
- Today, such high resolution meets rapidly increasing demands, reflected by the increasing number and high level of O2k-Publications. Applications of the Oroboros in leading O2k-Network Labs are the driving forces for a rapid advancement of mitochondrial physiology. Open access to the O2k-Manual is an integral part of the concept of Oroboros Instruments on Gentle Science and Scientific Social Responsibility. With sharing of O2k-Procedures and implementation of quality control, the study of mitochondrial and cell respiration emerges as a quantitative science. Thus high-resolution respirometry provides the foundation for comparative mitochondrial physiology, biomedical research, translation into clinical applications, establishing quantitative functional mitochondrial diagnosis.
- Sole source information: pdf
- Frequently Asked Questions
- The Oroboros sets a world-wide standard in high-resolution respirometry - for mitochondrial studies in cell physiology and pathology.
- In contrast to merely offering an oxygen measuring device, the Oroboros is integrated into a systems approach to high-resolution respirometry. This spans from experimental tools which are invaluable in the lab (e.g. ISS), or little aids that are crucial for tissue preparation (forceps), mitochondrial respiration medium (MiR05-Kit), substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration protocols, and the unique O2k-Workshops.
MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry:
Oroboros hardware,
Oroboros Open Support,
O2k-Respirometry,
O2k-FluoRespirometry
