Search by property

This page provides a simple browsing interface for finding entities described by a property and a named value. Other available search interfaces include the page property search, and the ask query builder.

List of results

Preparation of SUIT chemicals + ('''Preparation of SUIT chemicals''' describes the preparation of chemicals used in Substrate-Uncoupler-Inhibitor Ttitration (SUIT) protocols.)
Preprints multidisciplinary preprint platform + ('''Preprints''' is a platform dedicated to … '''Preprints''' is a platform dedicated to making early versions of research outputs permanently available and citable. We post original research articles and comprehensive reviews, and papers can be updated by authors at any time. Content on ''Preprints'' is not peer-reviewed and can receive feedback from readers. ''Preprints'' focuses on original research articles and comprehensive reviews. Editorials, discussion papers, and commentary are usually not suitable. Preprints is fully owned and funded by MDPI, an open access journal publisher. It is run on a non-profit basis. You do not need to submit to an MDPI journal in order to post a preprint here, any work is welcome. If you do submit to an MDPI journal, you will be invited to submit to Preprints.org during the submission process. ''Preprints'' has the following features: ''Multidisciplinary'': We cover all research disciplines. ''Open access'': All preprints are posted with a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, ensuring that authors retain copyright and receive credit for their work, while allowing anyone to read and reuse their work. '' Citation via Crossref DOI'': Each preprint has a unique digital object identifier issued by Crossref. This makes them instantly citable and provides a permanent link to the article, even if the URL on our platform changes. New versions of preprints receive a different DOI. ''Comment on any article'': Authors can receive public or private feedback from readers directly from the preprint abstract page. ''Simple submission process'': Submitting a preprint only requires basic information, our team of editors will do the rest and post your preprint as soon as possible. MDPI.com is a platform for peer-reviewed, scientific open-access journals operated by MDPI, based in Basel, Switzerland (since 1996). MDPI is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics ([https://publicationethics.org/ COPE]). To verify the originality of content submitted to our journals, we use [http://www.ithenticate.com/ iThenticate] to check submissions against previous publications. MDPI works with [https://publons.com/about/home/ Publons] to provide reviewers with credit for their work.vide reviewers with credit for their work.)
Pressure + ('''Pressure''' is a fundamental quantity e … '''Pressure''' is a fundamental quantity expressing energy per volume. The SI unit of pressure is generally pascal [Pa] = [J·m-3]. The term 'stress' (mechanical stress) is used as a synonym for pressure ([[Bureau International des Poids et Mesures 2019 The International System of Units (SI) |SI]]). Pressure is known in physics as mechanical pressure, which is force per area, ''p'' = ''F''·''A''-1 [Pa] = [N·m-2]. In physical chemistry, gas pressure is defined as ''p'' = ''n''·''V''-1·''RT'', where the [[concentration]] is ''c'' = ''n''·''V''-1 [mol·m-3], ''R'' is the [[gas constant]], and ''T'' is the absolute temperature, and ''RT'' is expressed in units of chemical force [J·mol-1]. van't Hoff's osmotic pressure assumes the same form applied to dissolved substances diffusing across a semipermeable membrane, but concentrations should be replaced by [[activity |activities]]. The activity of dissolved gases is expressed by the [[partial pressure]], where the [[solubility]] can be seen as an activity coefficient. Pressure appears explicitely or implicitely in all chapters of physics and physical chemistry. In contrast to the universal counterparts energy and force, however, the general connections between various isomorphic expressions of pressure remain poorly understood: Pressure is the concentration of the [[force]] at the point of [[action]]. More generally, pressure is the force times concentration at the interphase of interaction.]]. More generally, pressure is the force times concentration at the interphase of interaction.)
Temperature plot empty + ('''Problem:''' Layout "01 Calibration Exp. … '''Problem:''' Layout "01 Calibration Exp. Gr3-Temp" is selected, a third plot is displayed on the screen but it remains empty (no plot is shown). Newer versions of [[DatLab]] include pre-installed layouts which do not recognize some channel designations from older O2k series.hannel designations from older O2k series.)
Proficiency test + ('''Proficiency testing''' PT is an evaluat … '''Proficiency testing''' PT is an evaluation of participant performance against pre-established criteria by means of interlaboratory comparisons. Some PT providers in the medical area use the term “External Quality Assessment (EQA)” for their proficiency testing schemes, or for their broader programmes, or both. Internal PT strategies may be implemented into laboratory science as practical steps towards PT to achieve reproducibility.eps towards PT to achieve reproducibility.)
Proline dehydrogenase + ('''Proline dehydrogenase''' (ProDH), L-pro … '''Proline dehydrogenase''' (ProDH), L-proline:quinone oxidoreductase, is located on the inner side of the [[mtIM]], oxidizing [[proline]] to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, with reduction of FAD to FADH2 and direct entry into the [[Q-junction]], exerting an additive effect of convergent pathways. ProDH is widely distributed in a variety of organisms, is a source of ROS, and may play a role in carcinogenesis. source of ROS, and may play a role in carcinogenesis.)
Proton slip + ('''Proton slip''' is a property of the pro … '''Proton slip''' is a property of the proton pumps (Complexes CI, CIII, and CIV) when the [[proton]] slips back to the matrix side within the proton pumping process. Slip is different from the [[proton leak]], which depends on Δ''p'' and is a property of the inner mt-membrane (including the boundaries between membrane-spanning proteins and the lipid phase). Slip is an uncoupling process that depends mainly on flux and contributes to a reduction in the [[biochemical coupling efficiency]] of ATP production and oxygen consumption. Together with proton leak and cation cycling, proton slip is compensated for by [[LEAK respiration]] or LEAK oxygen flux, ''L''. Compare: [[Proton leak]].[Proton leak]].)
PubMed + ('''PubMed''' is a free search tool for articles in the life sciences field.)
Publication efficiency + ('''Publication efficiency''' is the fracti … '''Publication efficiency''' is the fraction ''F''r,a/p of reproducible publications ''N''r which are among the number ''N''a of publications that receive attention and meaningful interpretation, per total count ''N''p of all published communications. Publication efficiency ''F''r,a/p = ''F''r/p·''F''a/p is low due to (''1'') the reproducibility crisis expressed as low reproducibility efficiency ''F''r/p = ''N''r/''N''p, and (''2'') the inflation crisis expressed as low attention efficiency ''F''a/p = ''N''a/''N''p. Estimates of these partial efficiencies vary from field to field. With ''F''r/p=0.15 and ''F''a/p=0.05, the current publication efficiency is as low as 0.0075, or only 0.75 % of all presently published communictions are reproducible and receive attention and meaningful interpretation. Reduction of the number of irreproducible zero-value publications is the most effective measure to reduce the paper mass excess (PME) in the reproducibility-inflation (R&I)-crisis. Several regulatory mechanisms for improvement are practically ignored although theoretically available.ons is the most effective measure to reduce the paper mass excess (PME) in the reproducibility-inflation (R&I)-crisis. Several regulatory mechanisms for improvement are practically ignored although theoretically available.)
Pyruvate carboxylase + ('''Pyruvate carboxylase''' synthesizes [[oxaloacetate]] … '''Pyruvate carboxylase''' synthesizes [[oxaloacetate]] from [[pyruvate]] and CO2 as an [[anaplerosis |anaplerotic reaction]] in the mitochondrial matrix of the liver and kidney of higher animals, representing an alternative to the [[malic enzyme]] pathway to oxaloacetate or the [[phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase]] reaction (compare glyoxylate cycle in plants and microorganisms). Carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate requires Mg-ATP. Acetyl CoA is a strong positive modulator. PC can form pyruvate from oxaloacetate to remove an excess of oxaloacetate which inhibits succinate dehydrogenase.f oxaloacetate which inhibits succinate dehydrogenase.)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase + ('''Pyruvate dehydrogenase''' is the first … '''Pyruvate dehydrogenase''' is the first component enzyme of the [[pyruvate dehydrogenase complex]], which catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of [[pyruvate]] in the mt-matrix, and yields [[acetyl-CoA]]. PDH is known as the mitochondrial gatekeeper in the core energy pathway of electron flow into the tricarboxylic acid cycle.on flow into the tricarboxylic acid cycle.)
Q calibration - DatLab + ('''Q calibration''')
Q-cycle + ('''Q-cycle''' refers to the sequential oxi … '''Q-cycle''' refers to the sequential oxidation and reduction of the electron carrier Coenzyme Q (CoQ or [[ubiquinone]]) in mitochondria or plastoquinones in the photosynthetic system. Originally, the concept of the Q-cycle was proposed by [[Mitchell P|Peter D Mitchell]]. Following several modifications, the Q-cycle is established, describing how [[CIII]] translocates hydrogen ions against the protonmotive force. The reduced CoQ ([[quinol |ubiquinol]] QH2) binds to the Qo site of CIII, while the oxidized CoQ ([[ubiquinone]] Q) to the Qi site of CIII. First, QH2 reduces the iron-sulfur protein and feeds cytochrome ''c''1 with one electron. The other electron is transferred to the ''b''L heme and reduces the ''b''H heme, which transfers the electron to ubiquinone at the Qi-site which is reduced to a [[semiquinone]]. A second QH2 is required to fully reduce semiquinone to ubiquinol. At the end of the Q-cycle, four protons leave the mt-matrix and enter the intermembrane space, and the reduced cytochrome ''c'' transfers electrons to CIV. The ubiquinol generated at the Qi-site can be reused by binding to the Qo-site of CIII.chrome ''c'' transfers electrons to CIV. The ubiquinol generated at the Qi-site can be reused by binding to the Qo-site of CIII.)
Quenching + ('''Quenching''' is the name given to any p … '''Quenching''' is the name given to any process that reduces [[fluorescence]] intensity. Molecular oxygen is a [[fluorescence]] and [[phosphorescence]] quencher for some substances – a phenomenon that has been made use of in constructing optical probes for measuring oxygen.cting optical probes for measuring oxygen.)
Quinol + ('''Quinol''' is a class of ''reduced'' org … '''Quinol''' is a class of ''reduced'' organic compounds derived from quinone (oxidized form) by two-electron and two-proton reduction. In the mitochondrial electron transfer system, ubiquinol or reduced [[coenzyme Q]] can be found, while in the photosynthetic systems plastoquinols (particularly PQ9) are common. These redox compounds exist in three different redox states: [[quinone]] (oxidized), quinol (reduced), and an intermediate [[semiquinone]].[[semiquinone]].)
Quinone + ('''Quinone''' is a class of ''oxidized'' o … '''Quinone''' is a class of ''oxidized'' organic compounds with a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure derived from aromatic compounds. [[Ubiquinone]] or coenzmye Q is the naturally occurring quinone in the mitochondrial [[ETS]], while in the photosynthetic system plastoquinones are common. The quinone is reduced either to an unstable semiquinone by one hydrogen atom or to a quinol by two electrons and two protons.a quinol by two electrons and two protons.)
Rapamycin + ('''Rapamycin''' is an inhibitor of the mam … '''Rapamycin''' is an inhibitor of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin, complex 1 (mTORC1). Rapamycin induces autophagy and dyscouples mitochondrial respiration. Rapamycin delays senescence in human cells, and extends lifespan in mice without detrimental effects on mitochondrial fitness in skeletal muscle. mitochondrial fitness in skeletal muscle.)
Reactive nitrogen species + ('''Reactive nitrogen species''', RNS, are nitric oxide-derived oxidants. The main source of RNS is [[nitric oxide]] (NO•). NO• plays an important role in cell signaling and in oxidative-nitrosative stress.)
Reactive oxygen species + ('''Reactive oxygen species''', ROS, are mo … '''Reactive oxygen species''', ROS, are molecules derived from molecular [[oxygen]], including free oxygen radicals, which are more reactive than O2. Physiologically and pathologically important ROS include [[superoxide]], the [[hydroxyl radical]] and [[hydroxide ion]], [[hydrogen peroxide]] and other [[peroxides]]. These are important in cell signalling, oxidative defence mechanisms and [[oxidative stress]].[[oxidative stress]].)
Reference material + ('''Reference material''' (RM) is material … '''Reference material''' (RM) is material or substance one or more of whose property values are sufficiently homogeneous and well established to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of a measurement procedure, or for assigning values to materials (adapted from VIM: 1993, 6.13). The adjective 'homogeneous' refers to the physical homogeneity between macroscopic parts of the material, not to any microheterogeneity between molecules of the analyte.'''Primary reference material''' is reference material having the highest metrological qualities and whose value is determined by means of a primary reference measurement procedure. The concept "primary calibrator" is subordinate to "calibrator" (see 3.7) and to "primary reference material". 3.7) and to "primary reference material".)
References in BEC https-format + ('''References in BEC https-format''' show … '''References in BEC https-format''' show (''1'') the list of authors, (''2'') the year of publication in parentheses, (''3'') the title of the publication, and (''4'') the https://doi.org/ link. Removing all the unnecessary detail of journal name and pages, the focus is on authors, year, and title of the reference, which is a concept in line with [[DORA]]. The https-link then does the full job. In exceptional cases when there is no such link, the following formats would apply: a https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ link, a link directly to an Open Access pdf, or the old conventional format for the reference. Scientific journals apply ''yesterday's concepts'' in the various formats of references with bewildering abbreviations of journals, volumes, issues, page numbers. We can do ''today's job'' much better using the BEC https-format: # Arese Lucini F, Morone F, Tomassone MS, Makse HA (2021) Diversity increases the stability of ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228692# Begley CG, Ioannidis JPA (2015) Reproducibility in science: improving the standard for basic and preclinical research. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303819. # Buranyi S (2017) Is the staggeringly profitable business of scientific publishing bad for science? https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/27/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science # Cardoso LHD, Doerrier C, Gnaiger E (2021) Magnesium Green for fluorometric measurement of ATP production does not interfere with mitochondrial respiration. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2021-0001 # Day S, Rennie S, Luo D, Tucker JD (2020) Open to the public: paywalls and the public rationale for open access medical research publishing. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-020-0182-y# Gnaiger E (2001) Bioenergetics at low oxygen: dependence of respiration and phosphorylation on oxygen and adenosine diphosphate supply. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00307-3 # ….Compare with a conventional reference format in: Gnaiger E (2021) Beyond counting papers – a mission and vision for scientific publication. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2021-0005ic publication. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2021-0005)
Reliability + ('''Reliability''' relates the magnitude of … '''Reliability''' relates the magnitude of the measurement error in observed measurements (i.e., precision or intermediate precision) to the inherent variability in the ‘error-free’, ‘true’, or underlying level of the quantity between subjects. The value of the reliability takes a value between 0 and 1. When the variability value is zero, indicates that all the variability in the measurements is due to measurement error. And, on the contrary, when the value is 1 indicates that there is a zero error in the measurement error. It is also known as the intraclass correlation, as it equals the correlation between any two measurements made on the same subject.two measurements made on the same subject.)
Repetitions + ('''Repetitions''' of an [[experiment]] … '''Repetitions''' of an [[experiment]] or [[assay]] are designed to obtain statistical information on the methodological [[precision]] of the measurements. A number of repetitions, ''n'', of measurements are performed on the same sample, applying an identical experimental protocol to subsamples, without providing any information on variability between samples.nformation on variability between samples.)
Replica + ('''Replica''' are designed in scientific [[study |studies]] … '''Replica''' are designed in scientific [[study |studies]] to evaluate the effect of uncontrolled variability on a result obtained from an [[experiment]] on a single [[sample]], to describe the variability and distribution of experimental results, and to obtain statistical information such as the median or average for a defined [[sample size]]. It may be useful to make a terminological distinction between ''replica'' of experiments, ''N'', designed to obtain statistical information on the [[population]], and ''[[repetitions]]'' of [[experiment]]s or [[assay]]s, ''n'', designed to obtain statistical information on the methodological [[precision]] of the measurements. The terms [[study]], [[experiment]] and [[assay]] have to be defined carefully in this context.e to be defined carefully in this context.)
Research + ('''Research''' is a term composed of '''se … '''Research''' is a term composed of '''search''' and '''re'''. What does this tell us? The best comparison of the English with a German word is ''Untersuchung'', composed of ''suchung'' (search) and ''unter'' (below). The term ''search'' (suchen) is straightforward to understand and comparable in both languages. The prefix ''re'' and ''unter'' are more difficult to reconcile, yet in both languages these perfixes reveal complementary if not nearly identical messages. ''re'' means {''Quote''} back to the original place; again, anew, once more {''end of Quote''} [1], whereas ''unter'' means ''below'' or ''underneath''. Re-search, therefore, is not simply the search or investigation of some topic or problem, it means essentially doing the search again and again (re -> re-producibility) and penetrating ''below'' a simple search by reaching out for an underlying level of the search. The ''re'' in re-search and re-producibility has to be extended ultimately from a single re-search group to inter-laboratory re-investigation. This tells us, therefore, that while ''search'' is valuable, ''re-search'' provides the necessary validation. This re-evaluation of confirmative re-search should be re-cognized as the most important strategy to address the [[reproducibility crisis]].[[reproducibility crisis]].)

('''Research''' is a term composed of '''search''' and '''re'''. What doe)

Resorufin + ('''Resorufin''' is a fluorescence probe us … '''Resorufin''' is a fluorescence probe used in various biological assays. Among others, it is the product obtained in the [[Horseradish_peroxidase| Horseradish peroxidase]]-catalyzed assay using [[Amplex_red| Amplex Red]] for the measurement of [[Hydrogen_peroxide| H2O2]] production.[[Hydrogen_peroxide| H2O2]] production.)
Respiratory complexes + ('''Respiratory Complexes''' are membrane-bound enzymes consisting of several subunits which are involved in energy transduction of the respiratory system. [[Respiratory Complexes#Respiratory Complexes - more than five |» '''MiPNet article''']])
Respiratory state + ('''Respiratory states''' of [[mitochondrial preparations]] … '''Respiratory states''' of [[mitochondrial preparations]] and [[living cells]] are defined in the current literature in many ways and with a diversity of terms. Mitochondrial respiratory states must be defined in terms of both, the [[coupling-control state]] and the [[electron-transfer-pathway state]].[[electron-transfer-pathway state]].)
Respirometry + ('''Respirometry''' is the quantitative mea … '''Respirometry''' is the quantitative measurement of respiration. ''Respiration is therefore a combustion, a very slow one to be precise'' (Lavoisier and Laplace 1783). Thus the ''basic idea of using calorimetry to explore the ''sources'' and ''dynamics'' of heat changes were present in the origins of bioenergetics'' ([[Gnaiger_1983_J Exp Zool|Gnaiger 1983]]). Respirometry provides an ''indirect'' calorimetric approach to the measurement of metabolic heat changes, by measuring oxygen uptake (and carbon dioxide production and nitrogen excretion in the form of ammonia, urea, or uric acid) and converting the oxygen consumed into an [[enthalpy]] change, using the [[oxycaloric equivalent]]. Liebig (1842) showed that the substrate of oxidative respiration was protein, carbohydrates, and fat. ''The sum of these chemical changes of materials under the influence of living cells is known as [[metabolism]]'' (Lusk 1928). The amount (volume STP) of carbon dioxide expired to the amount (volume STP) of oxygen inspired simultaneously is the respiratory quotient, which is 1.0 for the combustion of carbohydrate, but less for lipid and protein. Voit (1901) summarized early respirometric studies carried out by the ''Munich school'' on patients and healthy controls, concluding that ''the metabolism in the body was not proportional to the combustibility of the substances outside the body, but that protein, which burns with difficulty outside, metabolizes with the greatest ease, then carbohydrates, while fats, which readily burns outside, is the most difficultly combustible in the organism.'' Extending these conclusions on the ''sources'' of metabolic heat changes, the corresponding ''dynamics'' or respiratory control was summarized (Lusk 1928): ''The absorption of oxygen does not cause metabolism, but rather the amount of the metabolism determines the amount of oxygen to be absorbed. .. metabolism regulates the respiration.''.. metabolism regulates the respiration.'')
Resting metabolic rate + ('''Resting respiration''' or '''resting me … '''Resting respiration''' or '''resting metabolic rate''' (RMR) is measured under standard conditions of an 8–12-h fast and a 12-h abstinence from exercise. In an exemplary study ([[Haugen 2003 Am J Clin Nutr]]), "subjects rested quietly in the supine position in an isolated room with the temperature controlled to 21–24° C. RMR was measured for 15–20 min. Criteria for a valid RMR was a minimum of 15 min of steady state, determined as a <10% fluctuation in oxygen consumption and <5% fluctuation in respiratory quotient". The main difference between RMR and BMR ([[basal metabolic rate]]) is the position of the subject during measurement. Resting metabolic rate is the largest component of the daily energy budget in most human societies and increases with physical training state ([[Speakman 2003 Proc Nutr Soc]]).man 2003 Proc Nutr Soc]]).)
Resveratrol + ('''Resveratrol''' is a natural bioactive phenol prouced by several plants with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary intake as nutraceutical is discussed for targeting mitochondria with a wide spectrum of action in degenerative diseases.)
Risk management + ('''Risk management''' is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks.)
Rotenone + ('''Rotenone''' is an inhibitor of [[Complex I]] (CI) and thus inhibits NADH oxidation. It inhibits the transfer of electrons from iron-sulfur clusters in CI to ubiquinone via binding to the ubiquinone binding site of CI. See also [[Succinate pathway]].)
Ruthenium red + ('''Ruthenium red''' (synonym: ammoniated r … '''Ruthenium red''' (synonym: ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride) inhibits the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter. However, in addition it has been shown to interact with and inhibit a large number of other proteins, including ion channels particularly of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) family [1], Ca2+-ATPases, and, importantly, the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) [2]. and, importantly, the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) [2].)
SF6847 + ('''SF6847''' (C18H& … '''SF6847''' (C18H22N2O), also known as tyrphostin A9 or malonoben, is a protonophore and a very potent [[uncoupler]] of [[oxidative phosphorylation]], being used in the nM range. Like all uncouplers, SF6847 concentrations must be titrated carefully to evaluate the [[Uncoupler#Optimum_uncoupler_concentration|optimum concentration]] for maximum stimulation of mitochondrial respiration, particularly to avoid inhibition of respiration at higher concentrations.ion, particularly to avoid inhibition of respiration at higher concentrations.)
SGp-pathway control state + ('''SGp''': [[Succinate]] & [[Glycerophosphate]]. '''MitoPathway control state:''' SGp; obtained with OctPGMSGp(Rot) '''SUIT protocol:''' [[SUIT-001]] and ((SUIT-002)
SUIT + ('''SUIT''' is the abbreviation for '''S''' … '''SUIT''' is the abbreviation for '''S'''ubstrate-'''U'''ncoupler-'''I'''nhibitor '''T'''itration. SUIT protocols are used with mt-preparations to study respiratory control in a sequence of coupling and pathway control states induced by multiple titrations within a single experimental assay. These studies use biological samples economically to gain maximum information with a minimum amount of cells or tissue. with a minimum amount of cells or tissue.)
Safranin + ('''Safranin''' is one of the most establis … '''Safranin''' is one of the most established dyes for measuring [[mitochondrial membrane potential]] by [[fluorometry]]. It is an [[extrinsic fluorophores |extrinsic fluorophore]] with an excitation wavelength of 495 nm and emission wavelength of 587 nm. Safranin is a potent inhibitor of [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state |N-linked respiration]] and of the [[phosphorylation system]].''Synonyms:'' Safranin O, Safranin Y, Safranin T, Gossypimine, Cotton Red, Basic Red2nin T, Gossypimine, Cotton Red, Basic Red2)
Salicylhydroxamic acid + ('''Salicylhydroxamic acid''' (SHAM; synony … '''Salicylhydroxamic acid''' (SHAM; synonym: 2-Hydroxybenzohydroxamic acid N,2-Dihydroxybenzamide) is an inhibitor of the [[alternative oxidase]] (AOX). When AOX is blocked by SHAM, electrons are forced through the CIII-cytochrome ''c'' oxidase pathway, allowing observation of the operation of the CIII-CIV pathway without AOX activity.the CIII-CIV pathway without AOX activity.)
Sample mass concentration + ('''Sample mass [[concentration]]''' is ''C''''m''s = ''m''s·''V''-1 [kg·m-3].)
Sample size + ('''Sample size''' is an ambiguous term. (1 … '''Sample size''' is an ambiguous term. (1) Size can be measured as an extensive quantity in terms of [[mass]] ''m''S [kg], [[volume]] ''V''S [m3], or [[energy]] ''E''S [J] of a pure [[sample]] S. If the sample consists of countable [[entity |entities]] ''X'', the [[count]] ''N''''X'' [x] in sample S is an elementary quantity, in contrast to the extensive quantities used as indicators of sample size. (2) In statistics, however, the term 'sample size' does not refer to the individual sample, but indicates on the contrary the number of samples investigated or sampled from a study group. ''N'' is the number of [[sample]]s collected and assayed to obtain representative statistical information on the [[population]]. The population size defines the upper limit of the statistical sample size.[[population]]. The population size defines the upper limit of the statistical sample size.)
Saponin + ('''Saponin''' is a mild detergent that [[Permeabilization of plasma membrane|permeabilizes plasma membranes]] … '''Saponin''' is a mild detergent that [[Permeabilization of plasma membrane|permeabilizes plasma membranes]] completely and selectively due to their high cholesterol content, whereas mt-membranes with lower cholesterol content are affected only at higher concentrations. Applied for [[Permeabilized tissue or cells|permeabilization of muscle fibres]].[[Permeabilized tissue or cells|permeabilization of muscle fibres]].)
Save and Disconnect + ('''Save and Disconnect''': Stops data acquisition and disconnects from the O2k (only for DatLab 7))
Save as - DatLab + ('''Save as''' a DatLab file. When disconnected from the O2k, save the file under a different file name, optionally in a different directory.)
Save - DatLab + ('''Save''' a DatLab file. When disconnecte … '''Save''' a DatLab file. When disconnected from the O2k, save any changes made under the identical file name overwriting the previous file. Such changes do not affect the raw data of the experiment, but relate to calibrations, experimental protocol, marks, events, and layout.ental protocol, marks, events, and layout.)
Scaling factor + ('''Scaling factor''' determines the multiplication factor that is applied to the time derivative of the signal.)
Scaling - DatLab + ('''Scaling''' a graph in [[DatLab]] … '''Scaling''' a graph in [[DatLab]] provides flexibility to vary the display of the plots and create Graph layouts. It allows viewing a data plot in differently scaled graphs, zooming the signal and time scales, and scrolling along the axes of the graph provide maximum information on the current experiment. This does not influence the format of stored data. Different ranges for the axes change the appearance of data dramatically. It is highly recommended to use reference layouts. »''Compare:'' [[Select plots - DatLab]].[Select plots - DatLab]].)
Select O2k - DatLab + ('''Select O2k - DatLab''')
Selectivity + ('''Selectivity''' is the ability of a sensor or method to quantify accurately and specifically the analyte or analytes in the presence of other compounds.)
Semiquinone + ('''Semiquinone''' is an unstable free radical derived either from the removal of one hydrogen atom with its electron from [[quinol]] (reduced form), or by the addition of a single hydrogen atom to a [[quinone]] (oxidized form).)