Search by property

This page provides a simple browsing interface for finding entities described by a property and a named value. Other available search interfaces include the page property search, and the ask query builder.

List of results

• Inorganic phosphate  + ('''Inorgnic phosphate''' (P_i) is a salt of phosphoric acid. In solution near physiological pH, the species HPO₄^2- and H₂PO₄^- dominate. ''See also'': [[Phosphate carrier]] (Pic).)
• Oxygen flux - instrumental background  + ('''Instrumental background oxygen flux''', … '''Instrumental background oxygen flux''', ''J''°_O₂, in a respirometer is due to oxygen consumption by the [[POS]], and oxygen diffusion into or out of the aqueous medium in the [[O2k-chamber]]. It is a property of the instrumental system, measured in the range of experimental oxygen levels by a standardized instrumental O₂ background test. The oxygen regime from air saturation towards zero oxygen is applied generally in experiments with isolated mitochondria, and living or permeabilized cells. To overcome oxygen diffusion limitation in permeabilized fibers and homogenates, an elevated oxygen regime is applied, requiring instrumental background test in the same range of elevated oxygen., requiring instrumental background test in the same range of elevated oxygen.)
• Integration time  + ('''Integration time''' is the time taken t … '''Integration time''' is the time taken to scan a single full range spectrum using [[photodiode arrays]]. It is equivalent to the exposure time for a camera. The shortest integration time defines the fastest response time of a [[spectrophotometer]]. Increasing the integration time increases the [[sensitivity]] of the device. The [[white balance]] or [[balance]] and subsequent measurements must always be carried out at the same integration time. carried out at the same integration time.)
• Internal-energy  + ('''Internal-energy''', ''U'' [J], can neit … '''Internal-energy''', ''U'' [J], can neither be destroyed nor created (first law of thermodynamics: d_i''U''/d''t'' = 0). Note that ''internal'' (subscript i), as opposed to ''external'' (subscript e), must be distinguished from "internal-energy", ''U'', which contrasts with "[[Helmholtz energy]]", ''A'', as [[enthalpy]], ''H'', contrasts with Gibbs energy, ''G''.[[enthalpy]], ''H'', contrasts with Gibbs energy, ''G''.)
• International oxygraph course  + ('''International Oxygraph Course''' (IOC), see [[O2k-Workshops]].)
• Ionomycin  + ('''Ionomycin''' (Imy) is a ionophore used to raise intracellular [Ca²⁺].)
• Isocitrate dehydrogenase  + ('''Isocitrate dehydrogenase''' forms 2-oxoglutarate from isocitrate in the [[TCA cycle]].)
• Isolated mitochondria  + ('''Isolated mitochondria''', imt, are mitochondria separated from a tissue or cells by breaking the plasma membranes and attachments to the cytoskeleton, followed by centrifugation steps to separate the mitochondria from other components.)
• Journal indexing  + ('''Journal indexing''' allows publications to be found on search tools/databases. Each database might have different criteria of inclusion.)
• Keywords-MitoPedia in BEC  + ('''Keywords—MitoPedia''' is the concept to … '''Keywords—MitoPedia''' is the concept to link keywords in articles published in [[Bioenergetics Communications]] (BEC) to [[MitoPedia]] terms. Authors should consider the message in the selected keywords. Provide consistent definitions of your keywords by linking them to MitoPedia. Extend MitoPedia entries critically by your contributions. The BEC editorial team will hyperlink your keywords with MitoPedia, and a reference to your BEC publication will be generated automatically from the MitoPedia term to your publication. With your contributions, BEC elevates keywords to terms with meaning. Your article gains visibility.th meaning. Your article gains visibility.)
• Kynurenine hydroxylase  + ('''Kynurenine hydroxylase''' (kynurenine 3 … '''Kynurenine hydroxylase''' (kynurenine 3-monooxygenase) is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Kynurenine hydroxylase catalyzes the chemical reaction: L-kynurenine + NADPH + H⁺ + O₂ ↔ 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP⁺ + H₂O</br>Kynurenine hydroxylase belongs to the family of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with O₂ as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O₂ with [[NADH]] or [[NADPH]] as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor. This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism. It employs one cofactor, [[FAD]].FAD]].)
• Laboratory titration sheet  + ('''Laboratory titration sheet''' contains … '''Laboratory titration sheet''' contains the sequential titrations in a specific Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocol. The laboratory titration sheets for different SUIT protocols are incorporated in DatLab (DL7.1): [[Protocols in DatLab]][[Protocols in DatLab]])
• Lactate dehydrogenase  + ('''Lactate dehydrogenase''' is a glycolytic marker enzyme in the cytosol, regenerating NAD⁺ from NADH and pyruvate, forming lactate.)
• Length  + ('''Length''' ''l'' is an SI base quantity … '''Length''' ''l'' is an SI base quantity with SI base unit [[meter]] m. Quantities derived from length are [[area]] ''A'' [m²] and [[volume]] ''V'' [m³]. Length is an extensive quantity, increasing additively with the number of objects. The term 'height' ''h'' is used for length in cases of vertical position (see [[height of humans]]). Length of height per object, ''L''_{''U''_''X''} [m·x^-1] is length per unit-entity ''U''_''X'', in contrast to lentgth of a system, which may contain one or many entities, such as the length of a pipeline assembled from a number ''N''_''X'' of individual pipes. Length is a quantity linked to direct sensory, practical experience, as reflected in terms related to length: long/short (height: tall/small). Terms such as 'long/short distance' are then used by analogy in the context of the more abstract quantity [[time]] (long/short duration).[time]] (long/short duration).)
• Light-enhanced dark respiration  + ('''Light-enhanced dark respiration''' ''LE … '''Light-enhanced dark respiration''' ''LEDR'' is a sharp (negative) maximum of dark respiration in plants in response to illumination, measured immediately after switching off the light. ''LEDR'' is supported by respiratory substrates produced during photosynthesis and closely reflects light-enhanced [[photorespiration]] (Xue et al 1996). Based on this assumption, the total photosynthetic oxygen flux ''TP'' is calculated as the sum of the measured net photosynthetic oxygen flux ''NP'' plus the absolute value of ''LEDR''.'NP'' plus the absolute value of ''LEDR''.)
• Lightguides  + ('''Lightguides''' consist of optical fibre … '''Lightguides''' consist of optical fibres (either single or in bundles) that can be used to transmit light to a sample from a remote [[light source]] and similarly receive light from a sample and transmit it to a remote [[detector]]. They have greatly contributed to the range of applications that for which optical methods can be applied. This is particularly true in the fields of medicine and biology.rue in the fields of medicine and biology.)
• Linear phenomenological laws  + ('''Linear phenomenological laws''' are at … '''Linear phenomenological laws''' are at the core of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes TIP, considered to apply near equilibrium but more generally in transport processes (e.g. Fick's law). In TIP, linearity is discussed as the dependence of generalized flows ''I'' or fluxes ''J'' on generalized forces, ''J'' = -''L''·''F'', where ''L'' is expected to be constant (as a prerequisite for linearity) and must not be a function of the force ''F'' ([[affinity]]) for [[Onsager 1931 Phys Rev |Onsager reciprocity]] to apply. This paradigm is challenged by the [[ergodynamics |ergodynamic concept]] of fundamentally non-linear isomorphic flux-[[force]] relations and is replaced by the generalized isomorphic flux-[[pressure]] relations. Flows ''I'' [MU·s^-1] and forces ''F'' [J·MU^-1] are conjugated pairs, the product of which yields power, ''I''·''F'' = ''P'' [J·s^-1 = W]. Flux ''J'' is system-size specific flow, such that volume-specific flux times force yields volume-specific power, ''P''_''V'' = ''J''·''F'' [W·m^-3]. Then [[Vector |vectoral]] and [[Discontinuous system |vectorial]] transport processes are inherently non-linear flux-force relationships, with '''''L''''' = '''''u'''''·'''''c''''' in continuous transport processes along a gradient ('''''c''''' is the local concentration), or ''L'' = ''u''·''α'' (''α'' is the [[free activity]] in a discontinuous transport process across a semipermeable membrane) — formally not different from (isomorphic to) [[scalar]] chemical reactions.emical reactions.)
• Linearity  + ('''Linearity''' is the ability of the meth … '''Linearity''' is the ability of the method to produce test results that are proportional, either directly or by a well-defined mathematical transformation, to the concentration of the analyte in samples within a given range. This property is inherent in the [[Beer-Lambert law]] for [[absorbance]] alone, but deviations occur in [[scattering]] media. It is also a property of [[fluorescence]], but a [[fluorophore]] may not exhibit linearity, particularly over a large range of concentrations.arly over a large range of concentrations.)
• Luminescence  + ('''Luminescence''' is spontaneous emission … '''Luminescence''' is spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment (IUPC definition). An alternative definition is "Luminescence is emission of </br>light by a substance not resulting from heat." Luminescence comprises many different pehnomena. Luminescence from direct photoexcitation of the emitting species is called photoluminescence. Both [[fluorescence]] and [[phosphorescence]] are forms of photoluminescence. In biomedical research also forms of chemiluminescence (e.g.the luciferin reaction) are used. In chemiluminescence the emission of radiation results from a chemical reaction. For other forms of luminescence see [http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03641.html the IUPAC Gold Book].upac.org/L03641.html the IUPAC Gold Book].)
• Magnesium Green  + ('''Magnesium Green''' (MgG) is an [[extrinsic fluorophores|extrinsic fluorophore]] … '''Magnesium Green''' (MgG) is an [[extrinsic fluorophores|extrinsic fluorophore]] that fluoresces when bound to Mg²⁺ and is used for measuring mitochondrial ATP production by [[mitochondrial preparations]]. Determination of mitochondrial ATP production is based on the different dissociation constants of Mg²⁺ for [[ADP]] and [[ATP]], and the exchange of one ATP for one ADP across the mitochondrial inner membrane by the [[adenine nucleotide translocase]] (ANT). Using the dissociation constants for ADP-Mg²⁺ and ATP-Mg²⁺ and initial concentrations of ADP, ATP and Mg²⁺, the change in ATP concentration in the medium is calculated, which reflects mitochondrial ATP production. change in ATP concentration in the medium is calculated, which reflects mitochondrial ATP production.)
• Malic enzyme  + ('''Malic enzyme''' (ME; EC 1.1.1.40) catal … '''Malic enzyme''' (ME; EC 1.1.1.40) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of L-malate to pyruvate with the concomitant reduction of the dinucleotide cofactor NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ and a requirement for divalent cations (Mg²⁺ or Mn²⁺) as cofactors.</br></br>NAD(P)⁺ + L-malate^2- <--> NAD(P)H + pyruvate^- + CO₂</br></br>Three groups of ME are distinguished (i) NAD⁺- and (ii) NADP⁺-dependent ME specific for NAD⁺ or NADP⁺, respectively, and (iii) NAD(P)⁺- dependent ME with dual specificity for NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as cofactor. Three isoforms of ME have been identified in mammals: cytosolic NADP⁺-dependent ME (cNADP-ME or ME1), mitochondrial NAD(P)⁺-dependent ME (mtNAD-ME or ME2; with NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as cofactor, preference for NAD⁺ under physiological conditions), and mitochondrial NADP⁺-dependent ME (mtNADP-ME or ME3). mtNAD-ME plays an important role in [[anaplerosis]] when glucose is limiting, particularly in heart and skeletal muscle. [[Tartronic acid]] (hydroxymalonic acid) is an inhibitor of ME.[[Tartronic acid]] (hydroxymalonic acid) is an inhibitor of ME.)
• Malonate  + ('''Malonate''' (malonic acid) is a competitive inhibitor of [[succinate dehydrogenase]] ([[Complex II]]). Malonate is a substrate of [[malonyl-CoA synthase]].)
• Malonyl-CoA synthase  + ('''Malonyl-CoA synthase''' or ACSF3 protei … '''Malonyl-CoA synthase''' or ACSF3 protein is a mitochondrial fatty-acyl-CoA synthase found in mammals. Traditionally, malonyl-CoA is formed from acetyl-CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. However, Witkowski et al (2011) showed that mammals express malonyl-CoA Synthase (ACSF3) with enzymatic activity in the presence of [[malonate]] (Complex II inhibitor) and methylmalonate.(Complex II inhibitor) and methylmalonate.)
• Marks - DatLab  + ('''Marks''' in [[DatLab]] … '''Marks''' in [[DatLab]] define sections of a [[plot]] recorded over time. Marks are set by the [[user]] in real-time, or post-experimentally for basic level data analysis. Set Marks to obtain the median, average, standard deviation, [[Outlier index - DatLab |outlier index]] and range of the data within the mark, for calibration of the oxygen signal, flux analysis, or to delete marked data points. Marks are shown by a horizontal bar in the active plot. The default [[Mark names]] are given automatically in numerical sequence, independent for each plot. Rename marks individually by clicking into the horizontal bar, or use corresponding templates for renaming the entire sequence of marks. Several marks can be set on any plot.rks. Several marks can be set on any plot.)
• VO2max  + ('''Maximum oxygen consumption''', ''V''< … '''Maximum oxygen consumption''', ''V''_O₂max, is and index of cardiorespiratory fitness, measured by spiroergometry on human and animal organisms capable of controlled physical exercise performance on a treadmill or cycle ergometer. ''V''_O₂max is the maximum respiration of an organism, expressed as the volume of O₂ at [[STPD]] consumed per unit of time per individual object [mL.min^-1.x^-1]. If normalized per body mass of the individual object, ''M'' [kg.x^-1], mass specific maximum oxygen consumption, ''V''_{O₂max/''M''}, is expressed in units [mL.min^-1.kg^-1]. specific maximum oxygen consumption, ''V''_{O₂max/''M''}, is expressed in units [mL.min^-1.kg^-1].)

• Melatonin  + ('''Melatonin''' (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptam … '''Melatonin''' (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, aMT) is a highly conserved molecule present in unicellular to vertebrate organisms. Melatonin is synthesized from tryptophan in the pinealocytes by the pineal gland and also is produced in other organs, tissues and fluids (extrapineal melatonin). Melatonin has lipophilic and hydrophilic nature which allows it to cross biological membranes. Therefore, melatonin is present in all subcellular compartments predominantly in the nucleus and mitochondria. Melatonin has pleiotropic functions with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and oncostatic effects with a wide spectrum of action particularly at the level of mitochondria. » [[#Melatonin and protection from mitochondrial damage |'''MiPNet article''']][#Melatonin and protection from mitochondrial damage |'''MiPNet article''']])
• Mersalyl  + ('''Mersalyl''' (C₁₃H₁₇HgNO₆) is an inhibitor of the [[Pi symporter]].)
• Metformin  + ('''Metformin''' (dimethylbiguanide) is mainly known as an important antidiabetic drug which is effective, however, in a wide spectrum of degenerative diseases. It is an inhibitor of [[Complex I]] and [[glycerophosphate dehydrogenase complex]].)
• Methylmalonic acid  + ('''Methylmalonic acid''' (Mma) is a common intermediate in many catabolic processes. In methylmalonic acidemia mitochondrial dysfunction can be observed, related to accumulation of Mma and associated with neurological symptoms.)
• Metrology  + ('''Metrology''' is the science of measurement, including all aspects both theoretical and practical with reference to measurements, whatever their uncertainty, and in whatever fields of science or technology they occur [SOURCE: VIM:1993, 2.2].)
• Microplates  + ('''Microplate''' readers allow large numbe … '''Microplate''' readers allow large numbers of sample reactions to be assayed in well format microtitre plates. The most common microplate format used in academic research laboratories or clinical diagnostic laboratories is 96-well (8 by 12 matrix) with a typical reaction volume between 100 and 200 µL per well. a wide range of applications involve the use of [[fluorescence]] measurements , although they can also be used in conjunction with [[absorbance]] measurements.[absorbance]] measurements.)
• Microxia  + ('''Microxia''' (deep hypoxia) is obtained when trace amounts of O₂ exert a stimulatory effect on respiration above the level where metabolism is switched to a purely [[anaerobic]] mode.)
• MitoFit protocols  + ('''MitoFit protocols''' are moderated by t … '''MitoFit protocols''' are moderated by the [[MitoFit moderators]] (MitoFit team), either as protocols with direct reference to publications available to the scientific communicty, or protocols additionally described and made available in Bioblast with full information on authors (including contact details), author contributions, and editor (moderator) in charge. This aims at a comprehensive [[MitoFit data repository]], which will require global input and cooperation.will require global input and cooperation.)
• MitoFit registered project  + ('''MitoFit registered projects''' are anno … '''MitoFit registered projects''' are announced with reference to [[MitoFit protocols]] as [[publicly deposited protocols]]. Project registration is a two-phase process. Guidelines will be defined. (''1'') Pre-registration of a project requires submission to a MitoFit moderator (editor), including protocol details with reference to MitoPedia protocols, or with submission of protocols for publication (Open Access) in MitoPedia. The MitoFit (Bioblast) editors will edit the submitted protocols (layout) and insert into Bioblast submitted pre-registrations and protocols. (''2'') MitoFit moderators (editors) will set up a [[MitoFit accreditation panel]], in which the registrant will be included (perhaps not in the long run, to avoid conflict of interests) and/or for which the registrant can suggest delegates (compare peer review). Accredited [[MitoFit protocols]] are labelled as [[MitoFit accredited]], and the pre-registered MitoFit project becomes labelled and listed as '''MitoFit registered project''' (MitoFit accredited). This is possible before (advance registration), during progress, and after completion of a study (post-registration). A MitoFit registered project receives a code for feeding data into the [[MitoFit data repository]].[[MitoFit data repository]].)
• MitoKit-CII/Malonate-nv  + ('''MitoKit-CII/Malonate-nv''' (diacetoxyme … '''MitoKit-CII/Malonate-nv''' (diacetoxymethyl malonate) is a plasma membrane-permeable prodrug (permeable malonate; Mnanv) that diffuses across the plasma membrane. Cleavage of diacetoxymethyl groups is mediated by intracellular esterases, thus releasing [[malonate]] in the intracellular space. Abliva #: 01-161-s2e intracellular space. Abliva #: 01-161-s2)
• MitoKit-CII/Succinate-nv  + ('''MitoKit-CII/Succinate-nv''' (diacetoxym … '''MitoKit-CII/Succinate-nv''' (diacetoxymethyl succinate) is a plasma membrane-permeable prodrug (permeable succinate; Snv) that diffuses across the plasma membrane. Cleavage of diacetoxymethyl groups is mediated by intracellular esterases, thus releasing [[succinate]] in the intracellular space. Abliva #: 01-118-s4 intracellular space. Abliva #: 01-118-s4)
• MitoSOX  + ('''MitoSOX^TM''' is … '''MitoSOX^TM''' is the version of the [[Dihydroethidium|hydroetidine]] designed to target mitochondria in live cells for the detection of [[superoxide]] (O₂^•-). The oxidation of the compound by O₂^•- is easily detected in the red spectrum. One of the advantages of MitoSOX^TM is its selectivity for O₂^•- but not for other [[Reactive oxygen species|reactive oxygen species]] or [[Reactive nitrogen species|reactive nitrogen species]]. </br>::::• Readily '''oxidized by superoxide''' but not by other ROS- or RNS-generating systems</br>::::• '''Absorption/emission maxima''': ~510/580 nm</br>::::• Use for '''live cell imaging'''</br>::::• Rapidly and selectively '''targeted to the mitochondria'''</br></br></br>'''MitoSOX^TM''' has been widely used in life cell imaging but it is not free of problems and should be used cautiously. For example, it has been highlighted that the use of potentiometric dyes which accumulates into the mitochondria due to its moiety with [[Tetraphenylphosphonium]], confers a membrane potential sensitivity that creates a series of artifacts and problems not often considered.hosphonium]], confers a membrane potential sensitivity that creates a series of artifacts and problems not often considered.)
• Mitochondria  + ('''Mitochondria''' (Greek ''mitos'': threa … '''Mitochondria''' (Greek ''mitos'': thread; ''chondros'': granule) are small structures within cells, which function in cell respiration as powerhouses or batteries. Mitochondria belong to the '''[[bioblasts]]''' of Richard Altmann. Abbreviation: mt, as generally used in mtDNA. Singular: mitochondrion (bioblast); plural: mitochondria (bioblasts).oblast); plural: mitochondria (bioblasts).)
• MitoOx1  + ('''Mitochondrial respiration medium, MitoOx1,''' used by the Budapest groups for respirometry und Amplex Red trials.)
• MiP-Collection  + ('''Mitochondrial Physiology - Historical C … '''Mitochondrial Physiology - Historical Collection'''</br></br>'''Aims'''</br></br>The growing '''''MiP-Collection''''' aims at preserving scientific instruments that are of historical importance in the field of bioenergetics and mitochondrial physiology. The fast turnover of scientific equipment makes obsolete even comparatively recent instrumentation. The Oroboros O2k was the first commercial mitochondrial respirometer using a computer for data acquisition. Today, [[chart recorder]]s are nearly forgotten. Due to limitations of storage space, unused scientific equipment is disposed of, despite its potential historical value. The disposal of some unique apparatus constitutes an irreversible loss to science and society, and to the continued appreciation of the foundations of our scientific discipline. </br></br>You may consider to make items of scientific historical interest in mitochondrial physiology available to the ''MiP-Collection''. These items of the ''MiP-Collection'' may specifically include historically valuable </br> </br>* equipment and accessories,</br>* books and symposium proceedings, </br>* reprint collections,</br>* pictures, slides, documents.ollections, * pictures, slides, documents.)
• MiP03  + ('''Mitochondrial Preservation Medium, MiP03''', developed for preservation of [[isolated mitochondria]].)
• Mitochondrial concentration  + ('''Mitochondrial concentration''' is ''C_mtE'' = ''mtE''·''V''^-1 [mtEU·m^-3]. mt-Concentration is an experimental variable, dependent on sample concentration.)
• Mitochondrial content  + ('''Mitochondrial content''' per object ''X'' is ''mtE_<u>N</u>X'' = ''mtE''·''N_X''^-1 [mtEU·x^-1].)
• Mitochondrial marker enzymes  + ('''Mitochondrial marker enzymes''' are enzymes that are specifically present in mitochondria, in the mt-matrix, the inner mt-membrane, the inter-membrane space, or the outer mt-membrane.)
• Mitochondrial marker  + ('''Mitochondrial marker'''s are structural … '''Mitochondrial marker'''s are structural or functional properties that are specific for mitochondria. A structural mt-marker is the area of the inner mt-membrane or mt-volume determined stereologically, which has its limitations due to different states of swelling. If mt-area is determined by electron microscopy, the statistical challenge has to be met to convert area into a volume. When fluorescent dyes are used as mt-marker, distinction is necessary between mt-membrane potential dependent and independent dyes. mtDNA or cardiolipin content may be considered as a mt-marker. [[Mitochondrial marker enzymes]] may be determined as molecular (amount of protein) or functional properties (enzyme activities). Respiratory capacity in a defined respiratory state of a mt-preparation can be considered as a functional mt-marker, in which case respiration in other respiratory states is expressed as [[flux control ratio]]s. » [[Mitochondrial marker#Mitochondrial markers and expression of mitochondrial respiration| '''MiPNet article''']][Mitochondrial marker#Mitochondrial markers and expression of mitochondrial respiration| '''MiPNet article''']])
• Mitochondrial competence  + ('''Mitochondrial metabolic competence''' i … '''Mitochondrial metabolic competence''' is the organelle's capacity to provide adequate amounts of ATP in due time, by adjusting the mt-membrane potential, mt-redox states and the ATP/ADP ratio according to the metabolic requirements of the cell.</br></br>The term '''mitochondrial competence''' is also known in a genetic context: Mammalian mitochondria possess a natural competence for DNA import.</br></br>'''''[[MitoCom_O2k-Fluorometer]]''''' is a '''Mitochondrial Competence''' network, the nucleus of which is formed by the K-Regio project ''[[MitoCom_O2k-Fluorometer|MitoCom Tyrol]]''.[[MitoCom_O2k-Fluorometer|MitoCom Tyrol]]''.)
• Mitochondrial preparations  + ('''Mitochondrial preparations''' (mtprep) … '''Mitochondrial preparations''' (mtprep) are isolated mitochondria (imt), tissue homogenate (thom), mechanically or chemically permeabilized tissue (permeabilized fibers, pfi) or permeabilized cells (pce). In mtprep the plasma membranes are either removed (imt) or mechanically (thom) and chemically permeabilized (pfi), while mitochondrial functional integrity and to a large extent mt-structure are maintained in incubation media optimized to support mitochondrial physiological performance. According to this definition, submitochondrial particles (smtp) are not a mtprep, since mitochondrial structure is altered although specific mitochondrial functions are preserved.fic mitochondrial functions are preserved.)
• Buffer Z  + ('''Mitochondrial respiration medium, Buffer Z''', described by [http://bioblast.at/index.php/Perry_2011_Biochem_J Perry 2011 Biochem J] For composition and comparison see: [[Mitochondrial respiration media: comparison]])
• MiR05  + ('''Mitochondrial respiration medium, MiR05 … '''Mitochondrial respiration medium, MiR05''', developed for oxygraph incubations of [[mitochondrial preparations]]. Respiration of [[living cells]] may be assessed in MiR05 by adding pyruvate (P) as an external source. [[MiR06]] = MiR05 + catalase.</br>[[MiR05Cr]] = [[MiR05]] + creatine.[[MiR05]] + creatine.)
• MiRK03  + ('''Mitochondrial respiration medium, MiRK03''', modified after a medium described by [[Komary 2010 Biochim Biophys Acta]], intended for use as medium for H2O2 production measurement with Amplex Red.)